[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-047":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-114-3-內外科護理學-047","nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-047",114,3,47,"病人誤食含有機磷成分的巴拉松農藥，導致噁心、嘔吐、淚流不止、口水跟痰液很多，送入急診，下列敘述何者最適當？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"有機磷的外觀呈現黑色液體，近似可樂，有杏仁味","可給予靜脈注射 Atropine 或 PAM 等以緩解症狀","立即催吐效果不佳，不可催吐或洗胃","初期出現瞳孔放大、低血壓、抽筋麻痺等症狀","B",null,[],"本題考點在於有機磷農藥中毒的機轉與解毒處置。正解B:有機磷會抑制乙醯膽鹼酯酶,使乙醯膽鹼堆積而出現膽鹼激性症狀,故治療給予靜脈注射Atropine拮抗蕈毒鹼作用,並用PAM(pralidoxime)重新活化被抑制的酵素,故最適當。A錯誤,杏仁味為氰化物中毒的特徵,並非有機磷;C錯誤,誤食者仍需視情況洗胃或給予活性碳以清除毒物,並非一律不可;D錯誤,有機磷中毒典型為「瞳孔縮小(miosis)」、流淚流涎、支氣管分泌增多,而非瞳孔放大。故選B。","有機磷中毒症狀分蕈毒鹼型(muscarinic,SLUDGE——流涎、流淚、排尿、排便、腸胃不適,加支氣管分泌與瞳孔縮小)、菸鹼型(nicotinic,肌肉顫動、無力)與中樞作用。Atropine對抗蕈毒鹼症狀(以分泌物控制作為劑量指標),PAM需在酵素「老化」前及早使用。記憶:「有機磷等於乙醯膽鹼太多→縮瞳流口水→Atropine擋、PAM救酶」。",[24,27,30,33],{"term":25,"count":26},"有機磷中毒",6,{"term":28,"count":29},"乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制",4,{"term":31,"count":32},"Atropine與PAM解毒",1,{"term":34,"count":32},"蕈毒鹼症狀",[36,40,46,51,56,61],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-048","嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎（COVID-19）病人之呼吸照護，下列敘述何者最適當？",48,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":45},"nurse-115-2-medical-surgical-044","有關低血糖的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",44,115,2,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":50,"session":45},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-008","下列何者為重症肌無力病人最早出現的症狀？",8,106,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":45},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-046","有關疥瘡的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",46,107,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":32},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-010","有關大腸癌病因的敘述，下列何者錯誤﹖",10,109,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":43,"year":64,"session":32},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-044","下列皮膚病灶何者是原發性皮膚病變？",110,"2026-09-04",1788510762237]