[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":62},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-020":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":32,"lastmod":61},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-114-3-內外科護理學-020","nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-020",114,3,20,"病人剛開始輸血 20 mL 就發生皮膚癢、蕁麻疹、哮喘，最有可能發生下列那一種輸血反應？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"過敏反應","熱原反應","溶血反應","細菌反應","A",null,[],"本題考點在於輸血反應的鑑別。考點在於症狀特徵:病人才輸血 20 mL 就出現皮膚癢、蕁麻疹與哮喘等過敏表現,屬對血漿蛋白過敏引起的過敏反應(allergic reaction),故選 A。B 熱原反應(發燒性非溶血反應)主要表現為發燒、寒顫,而非皮膚癢與蕁麻疹。C 溶血反應多見畏寒發燒、腰背痛、血紅素尿與血壓下降等,與過敏皮膚症狀不同。D 細菌污染反應以高燒、寒顫、休克為主。四者中唯有皮膚搔癢、蕁麻疹合併哮喘與過敏反應相符,因此為過敏反應。","過敏性輸血反應源於受血者對捐血者血漿蛋白過敏,輕者蕁麻疹搔癢,重者支氣管痙攣、喉頭水腫甚至過敏性休克;處置為暫停輸血、給抗組織胺,嚴重時用腎上腺素。與溶血反應(ABO 不合、致命)、發燒性非溶血反應(對白血球抗體)須明確區分。任何反應第一步都是先停止輸血、維持靜脈通路並評估。記憶:『癢、疹、喘』想到過敏。",[24,27,30],{"term":25,"count":26},"輸血反應鑑別",2,{"term":28,"count":29},"過敏性輸血反應",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"蕁麻疹與支氣管痙攣",[33,37,42,47,52,57],{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-021","有關真性紅血球增多症常見的併發症，下列敘述何者最不適當？",21,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":41,"session":26},"nurse-115-2-medical-surgical-017","心臟衰竭功能性分級第 4 級（NYHA Fc IV），最可能出現下列何種活動功能限制？",17,115,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":29},"nurse-106-1-medical-surgical-061","接受根除性腎臟切除術之病人，術後 24～48 小時需監測有無腎上腺功能不足之症狀，下列何者錯誤？",61,106,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":26},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-019","有關軟組織損傷病人的護理評估結果，下列何者顯示可能有腔隙症候群？",19,107,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":26},"nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-063","改善其酸鹼不平衡問題最有效的措施，下列何者正確？",63,108,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":40,"year":60,"session":29},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-017","有關胃食道逆流的居家照護注意事項，下列何者錯誤？",110,"2026-09-04",1788510762023]