[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-036":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-114-3-基礎醫學-036","nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-036",114,3,36,"下列利尿劑（diuretics）中，何者為醛固酮受體（aldosterone receptor）拮抗劑，常用於治療心衰竭？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"chlorothiazide","furosemide","eplerenone","tolvaptan","C",null,[],"本題考點在於利尿劑的作用機轉分類與心衰竭用藥。依醛固酮受體拮抗劑的定義，此類藥物阻斷遠曲小管與集尿管的醛固酮受體，減少鈉水再吸收、保留鉀離子，屬保鉀利尿劑，且能拮抗心衰竭時過度活化的RAAS而改善預後，(C)eplerenone正屬此類，故選C。(A)chlorothiazide作用在遠曲小管初段的Na-Cl共同運輸子，屬thiazide類利尿劑；(B)furosemide抑制亨利氏環上行支的Na-K-2Cl載體，屬亨利氏環利尿劑；(D)tolvaptan阻斷集尿管的血管加壓素V2受體，屬排水利尿劑，皆非醛固酮受體拮抗劑。","醛固酮拮抗劑分兩代：spironolactone非選擇性、易致男性女乳症；eplerenone選擇性高、內分泌副作用少。在心衰竭治療中，它們屬「神經荷爾蒙阻斷」四本柱之一，可降低心肌纖維化與死亡率，而非單純利尿。記憶對比：利尿劑依作用部位由近到遠可排成「碳酸酐酶抑制劑→環利尿劑→thiazide→保鉀利尿劑」，愈往遠端利尿效力愈弱但調控愈精細。用藥須監測血鉀，避免高血鉀。",[25,28,30,33,34],{"term":26,"count":27},"保鉀利尿劑",2,{"term":29,"count":27},"RAAS",{"term":31,"count":32},"醛固酮受體拮抗劑",1,{"term":17,"count":32},{"term":35,"count":32},"心衰竭用藥",[37,41,46,51,56,61],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-037","下列藥物中，何者可活化中樞神經 α2 受體，進而減少交感神經活性而達到降血壓效果？",37,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":27},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-033","下列何者拮抗多巴胺 D 2 受體之作用最明顯，屬於典型抗思覺失調症藥物（typical antipsychotics）？",33,115,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":50,"session":32},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-077","所謂的垂直感染，是指由母親傳給胎兒，其中最主要之一是病毒透過胎盤直接傳染胎兒。下列何種病毒可經由此途徑傳染？",77,106,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":27},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-035","關於糖尿病之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",35,107,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":27},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-079","下列何種真菌感染，不建議以氟康唑（fluconazole）來治療？",79,108,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":44,"year":64,"session":32},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-033","40 歲女性出現手指僵硬，吞嚥困難及非發炎性真皮明顯纖維化。此人最可能罹患下列何種疾病？",110,"2026-09-04",1788510761248]