[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-033":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":32,"lastmod":62},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-114-3-基礎醫學-033","nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-033",114,3,33,"嗎啡（morphine）的止痛作用主要是活化下列何種受體而產生？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"μ-opioid receptor","δ-opioid receptor","κ-opioid receptor","NMDA glutamate receptor","A",null,[],"本題考點在於嗎啡(morphine)止痛作用的主要受體標的。嗎啡為典型類鴉片致效劑,其鎮痛、欣快與呼吸抑制等主要作用來自活化μ-類鴉片受體(mu-opioid receptor),故選A。δ-類鴉片受體(B)與情緒調節、鎮痛輔助相關;κ-類鴉片受體(C)參與鎮痛與煩躁不安、瞳孔縮小;NMDA麩胺酸受體(D)屬興奮性胺基酸受體、與痛覺敏化和耐受性相關而非嗎啡直接活化的止痛標的,故三者皆非主要作用受體。","μ受體是嗎啡治療與副作用的雙面刃:止痛、鎮咳同時帶來呼吸抑制、便秘、成癮與縮瞳。過量時的『針尖狀瞳孔+呼吸抑制+意識改變』三聯徵,解毒劑naloxone即競爭性拮抗μ受體。類鴉片作用於Gi蛋白,抑制cAMP、關閉鈣通道、開啟鉀通道而降低神經興奮性,可一併理解其細胞機轉。",[25,28,30],{"term":26,"count":27},"嗎啡",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"μ-類鴉片受體",{"term":31,"count":27},"類鴉片鎮痛機轉",[33,37,43,48,53,58],{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-034","用於治療巴金森氏症之藥物中，下列何者最不容易進入腦中產生作用？",34,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":41,"session":42},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-030","有關發生在骨頭之轉移性腫瘤（metastatic tumors），下列敘述何者錯誤？",30,115,2,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":27},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-074","病毒的構造是決定其是否能抵抗消毒劑的原因之一，下列何種病毒因不具套膜可以抵抗乙醚的破壞？",74,106,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":42},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-032","下列何種情況最可能導致代謝性鹼中毒（metabolic alkalosis）？",32,107,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":42},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-076","關於梭狀芽孢桿菌（Clostridium ）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",76,108,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":40,"year":61,"session":27},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-030","在腎臟的近曲小管中，鈉離子主要與下列何種物質共同運輸進入上皮細胞？",110,"2026-09-04",1788510761226]