[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-031":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":26},"nurse-114-3-基礎醫學-031","nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-031",114,3,31,"下列藥物中，何者為前驅藥物（prodrug）需要體內酵素代謝才會產生活性，但有些人可能因其代謝酵素活性較低，而使得該藥物之藥效減弱？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"phenobarbital","clopidogrel","rifampin","celecoxib","B",null,[],"本題考點在於前驅藥物(prodrug)須經體內酵素活化、且代謝酵素活性因人而異影響藥效。Clopidogrel本身無活性,須經肝臟細胞色素P450酵素(主要為CYP2C19)代謝為活性代謝物才能抑制血小板;CYP2C19活性較低的『不良代謝者』會使其抗血小板藥效減弱,故選B。Phenobarbital(A)為活性藥物且是強力酵素誘導劑;rifampin(C)亦為酵素誘導劑、本身即有抗結核活性;celecoxib(D)為活性的COX-2抑制劑,三者皆非需活化的前驅藥,故錯。","clopidogrel是藥物基因體學經典例:CYP2C19基因多型性造成療效差異,不良代謝者放支架後血栓風險較高,可考慮改用不依賴CYP2C19活化的prasugrel或ticagrelor。另留意質子幫浦抑制劑omeprazole會抑制CYP2C19而減弱clopidogrel療效,是常考的交互作用。",[25,27,29,32],{"term":16,"count":26},2,{"term":28,"count":26},"CYP2C19",{"term":30,"count":31},"前驅藥物",1,{"term":33,"count":31},"藥物基因多型性",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-032","氣喘（asthma）病人服用下列何種降血壓藥物時，最易誘發氣喘發作？",32,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":26},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-028","下列何者為腎病症候群（nephrotic syndrome）最主要的變化？",28,115,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":31},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-072","在幼童常見造成細菌性腦膜炎的主要致病原為何？",72,106,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":26},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-030","成年男性進行呼吸量測試發現肺活量（vital capacity）為兩公升，第一秒用力呼氣容積（forced expiratory volume in 1 s）為 85%，此時可能為：",30,107,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":26},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-074","補體系統（complement system）是對抗細菌感染的重要機制之一。下列何者是感染時最早活化的補體反應？",74,108,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":42,"year":62,"session":31},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-028","12 歲的王同學因為外傷造成兩側睪丸嚴重受損被迫切除，下列何者為手術後的生理變化？",110,"2026-09-04",1788510761200]