[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-2-medical-surgical-009":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":63},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":11},"nurse-114-2-內外科護理學-009","nurse-114-2-medical-surgical-009",114,2,9,"有關食道靜脈曲張出血病人的護理指導，下列何者不適當？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"避免用力咳嗽及提重物","採用軟質飲食，避免粗糙食物","須注意食物的溫度，避免過熱與過冷","須服用鎮靜劑以減輕焦慮","D",null,[],"本題考點在於食道靜脈曲張出血病人的護理指導。本題為反向題,不適當者為 D:食道靜脈曲張多源於肝硬化門脈高壓,肝功能不佳時鎮靜劑(多經肝臟代謝)易蓄積誘發肝性腦病變並掩蓋意識變化,故不宜常規服用鎮靜劑,D 為答案。A 正確,用力咳嗽、提重物會升高腹內壓與門脈壓,可能誘發破裂出血,應避免。B 正確,軟質飲食避免粗糙食物摩擦曲張靜脈。C 正確,過熱過冷食物刺激血管,應注意溫度適中。","病生理鏈:肝硬化→門脈高壓→側支循環→食道下段靜脈曲張,任何升高門脈壓或摩擦黏膜的動作都可能引發致命出血。鎮靜劑禁忌關鍵:肝性腦病變的氨(ammonia)蓄積會加重意識障礙,benzodiazepines 更可能透過 GABA 受體加深昏迷,故肝衰竭者慎用。",[24,26,29,32],{"term":25,"count":11},"肝性腦病變",{"term":27,"count":28},"門脈高壓",5,{"term":30,"count":31},"食道靜脈曲張",3,{"term":33,"count":34},"鎮靜劑禁忌",1,[36,40,45,49,54,58],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-114-2-medical-surgical-010","王先生，170 cm，88 Kg，從事搬運工，因腹股溝疝氣接受手術治療，有關疝氣手術後護理指導，下列何者正確？①傷口處熱敷，以減輕疼痛與腫脹 ②不需要特別減重以免營養不良 ③陰囊應給與支托後再下床 ④平時應多吃蔬果以預防便秘 ⑤出院後可立即上班從事搬運工作",10,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":34},"nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-006","有關急性胰臟炎的敘述，下列何者正確？",6,115,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":44,"session":10},"nurse-115-2-medical-surgical-050","有關休克病人處置後病況改善的表徵，下列何者最適宜？",50,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":34},"nurse-107-1-medical-surgical-038","減少腫瘤溶解症候群發生之處置，下列何者錯誤？",38,107,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":10,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-002","李先生是建築工人，近日因椎間盤突出入院行腰椎椎板切除術，護理師提供之術後護理指導，下列何者正確？",108,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-036","依據安阿伯（Ann Arbor）臨床分期系統，下列何者屬於何杰金氏淋巴瘤第Ⅱ期？",36,109,"2026-09-04",1788510759532]