[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-043":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-114-2-基礎醫學-043","nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-043",114,2,43,"效應 T H 1 細胞可以提供那兩種訊號幫助巨噬細胞進一步活化？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"PD1-PD-L1；TNF-α","CD40L-CD40；IFN-γ","CD28-B7；IL-10","TCR-MHC；IL-2","B",null,[],"本題考點在於 TH1 細胞活化巨噬細胞的雙訊號機制。依細胞免疫,效應性 TH1 細胞活化巨噬細胞需兩個訊號:第一是 TH1 表面 CD40L 與巨噬細胞 CD40 的接觸結合,第二是 TH1 分泌的干擾素-γ(IFN-γ),兩者協同使巨噬細胞完全活化以強化殺菌,故選 B。A PD1-PD-L1 為抑制性檢查點,方向相反;C CD28-B7 與 IL-10 分別為 T 細胞共刺激與抑制性細胞激素;D TCR-MHC 與 IL-2 為 T 細胞本身活化與增殖訊號,非活化巨噬細胞的專一組合。故正解為 B。","機轉:IFN-γ 是活化巨噬細胞最關鍵的細胞激素,促其產生活性氧與一氧化氮強化胞內殺菌;CD40L-CD40 提供接觸性共刺激。此路徑對抗胞內菌(如結核桿菌)至關重要,缺陷會導致嚴重胞內感染。對比 PD-1\u002FPD-L1 屬「煞車」,是免疫治療解除的標的。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"TH1 細胞",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"IFN-γ",{"term":31,"count":27},"CD40L-CD40",{"term":33,"count":27},"巨噬細胞活化",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-044","下列何種疾病目前無有效的疫苗可預防？",44,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-040","下列何種抗生素會抑制細菌的 DNA 依賴型之 RNA 聚合酶（DNA-dependent RNA polymerase）的活性？",40,115,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":27},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-034","一位 13 歲男孩因腎病症候群（nephrotic syndrome）住院，他被發現有明顯下肢水腫，腎臟科醫師開立蛋白質輸液以減輕病人的水腫。含下列何種蛋白質的輸液最能改善此病人的症狀？",34,106,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":27},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-072","下列何項病原菌並非經過水來傳播？",72,107,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-036","岡氏複合體（Ghon complex）是那一類結核病的病理表現？",36,108,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-070","有關抗菌和滅菌處理的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",70,109,"2026-09-04",1788510758887]