[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-032":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-114-2-基礎醫學-032","nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-032",114,2,32,"下列何者不屬於毒蕈鹼拮抗劑（muscarinic antagonist）的臨床適應症？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"膀胱痙攣","帕金森氏症","青光眼","消化道痙攣","C",null,[],"本題考點在於毒蕈鹼拮抗劑的臨床適應症。本題為反向題,不屬於其適應症者為 C 青光眼。依藥理機轉,毒蕈鹼拮抗劑(抗膽鹼藥)會使瞳孔放大、睫狀肌鬆弛,反而使前房隅角變窄、房水外流受阻而升高眼壓,故是青光眼(尤其閉鎖隅角型)的禁忌而非適應症,選 C。A 正確,可鬆弛膀胱逼尿肌治療膀胱痙攣;B 正確,中樞抗膽鹼藥可改善帕金森氏症的顫抖;D 正確,可解除消化道痙攣。故正解為 C。","機轉對比:毒蕈鹼致效劑(如 pilocarpine)才用於治療青光眼(縮瞳、促房水排出);拮抗劑則使瞳孔散大,用於眼底檢查卻可能誘發急性隅角閉鎖。抗膽鹼副作用口訣:口乾、視糊、便祕、尿滯留、心跳快—與青光眼惡化機制一致。",[25,27,30,32],{"term":26,"count":11},"抗膽鹼作用",{"term":28,"count":29},"毒蕈鹼拮抗劑",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"隅角閉鎖型青光眼",{"term":33,"count":29},"瞳孔放大",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-033","下列降血壓藥物中，何者為腎素抑制劑（renin inhibitor）？",33,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":29},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-029","第一型糖尿病最常見下列何種變化？",29,115,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":29},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-023","下列何者抑制泌乳素分泌？",23,106,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":29},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-061","下列止瀉劑中，何者可增加腸道分節性收縮，屬於類鴉片之藥物？",61,107,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-025","進入青春期，由下列何種激素刺激卵巢濾泡發育，使初級卵母細胞完成第一次減數分裂？",25,108,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-059","下列降血壓藥，何者常見的副作用為咳嗽？",59,109,"2026-09-04",1788510758801]