[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-017":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-114-2-基礎醫學-017","nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-017",114,2,17,"下列何種疾病主要是視錐細胞（cone cells）基因突變異常所致？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"散光（astigmatism）","色盲（color blindness）","弱視（amblyopia）","青光眼（glaucoma）","B",null,[],"本題考點在於視網膜感光細胞與色覺缺陷的關聯。依視覺生理,色覺由三種視錐細胞(紅、綠、藍)分別表現的視色素基因決定,當視錐細胞相關基因突變(尤其 X 染色體上的紅綠色素基因)即造成色盲,故選 B。A 散光是角膜或水晶體曲率不規則造成的屈光問題,與感光細胞無關;C 弱視是發育期視覺經驗剝奪導致大腦視覺路徑發展不良,非基因突變;D 青光眼是眼壓升高損傷視神經節細胞,與視錐細胞基因無關。故正解為 B。","延伸:紅綠色盲基因位於 X 染色體,呈性聯隱性遺傳,故男性(約 8%)遠多於女性。視錐細胞負責明視覺與色覺,視桿細胞則負責暗視覺;可對比全色盲(achromatopsia)為視錐功能完全喪失,罕見且為體染色體隱性。",[25,27,29,32],{"term":26,"count":11},"視錐細胞",{"term":28,"count":11},"色盲",{"term":30,"count":31},"性聯隱性遺傳",1,{"term":33,"count":31},"視色素基因",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-018","下列那一段腎小管（renal tubule）對水的通透度最低？",18,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":31},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-014","以聽診器聽取病人心跳時，下列那一個瓣膜關閉時產生第一心音？",14,115,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":31},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-008","次級卵母細胞於何時完成第二次減數分裂？",8,106,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":31},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-046","子宮外孕最常見的位置是下列何者？",46,107,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-010","二尖瓣的功能在於防止血液逆流至：",10,108,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-044","下列何者不是出血病症（bleeding disorder）之原因？",44,109,"2026-09-04",1788510758660]