[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-014":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-114-2-基礎醫學-014","nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-014",114,2,14,"下列何者為清醒狀態（awake state）時，神經傳導物質所媒介的神經元活性表現？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"正腎上腺素（norepinephrine）神經元活性減弱","血清素（serotonin）神經元活性減弱","乙醯膽鹼（acetylcholine）神經元活性減弱","γ-胺基丁酸（GABA）神經元活性增強","C","第14題一律給分",[],"本題考點在於清醒與睡眠週期中各神經傳導物質的活性變化。依睡眠神經生理主流觀點，清醒狀態時正腎上腺素、血清素與乙醯膽鹼系統多呈活躍，而促眠的γ-胺基丁酸（GABA）相對受抑，故A（正腎上腺素減弱）、B（血清素減弱）、D（GABA增強）均與清醒表現不符。官方公告答案為C，惟乙醯膽鹼於清醒與快速動眼期皆屬活躍，此選項在不同教材間存有分歧，屬爭議考點，故以官方答案為準選C。本題受限於教材差異，僅供辨識神經傳導物質與睡眠週期之對應方向。","睡眠調控概念：清醒由網狀活化系統的正腎上腺素、血清素、組織胺、乙醯膽鹼共同維持皮質激發；GABA為主要促眠抑制系統。NREM時單胺與膽鹼皆降；REM時膽鹼回升而單胺持續低。乙醯膽鹼於清醒的角色因教材而異是本題爭議所在，建議溯源所用課本定義。",[25,28,31,33],{"term":26,"count":27},"乙醯膽鹼",8,{"term":29,"count":30},"睡眠神經生理",1,{"term":32,"count":30},"正腎上腺素\u002F血清素",{"term":34,"count":30},"GABA抑制系統",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-015","下列那個腦區是主要調控褪黑素（melatonin）的分泌？",15,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":30},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-011","下列那兩種內分泌器官，其主體是由神經組織以及腺體組織共同發育組合形成？",11,115,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":30},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-005","下列何者是維持背部直立最重要的肌肉？",5,106,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":30},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-043","一個剛出生的嬰兒，口中有大量口水流出且無法餵食，是因下列何者先天性異常？",43,107,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-007","有關竇狀隙（sinusoid）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",7,108,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-041","一位58歲的女性出現雷諾氏現象（Raynaud’s phenomenon）及食道運動功能障礙，血清學檢查抗核抗體試驗呈陽性反應，此婦人最有可能罹患下列何種病症？",41,109,"2026-09-04",1788510758642]