[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-013":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-114-2-基礎醫學-013","nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-013",114,2,13,"下列何者不是下運動神經元（lower motor neuron）損傷的表徵？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"肌肉弛緩性癱瘓（flaccid paralysis）","肌束顫動（fasciculation）","肌肉萎縮（muscular atrophy）","肌肉張力亢進（hypertonia）","D",null,[],"本題考點在於下運動神經元（LMN）與上運動神經元（UMN）損傷表徵的區辨。依神經學，LMN損傷因失去對肌肉的直接支配，表現為弛緩性癱瘓、肌張力降低、肌肉萎縮、肌束顫動與反射消失；而肌肉張力亢進（hypertonia，痙攣）與反射亢進屬上運動神經元損傷特徵。本題為反向題，錯誤敘述為 D。A 弛緩性癱瘓、B 肌束顫動、C 肌肉萎縮皆為LMN表徵，故選 D。","UMN vs LMN對照表——UMN：痙攣性癱瘓、張力亢進、反射亢進、巴賓斯基陽性、無明顯萎縮。LMN：弛緩性癱瘓、張力降低、反射消失、明顯萎縮、肌束顫動。口訣『上緊下鬆』：上運動神經元損傷肌肉緊（亢進），下運動神經元損傷肌肉鬆（弛緩）。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"下運動神經元損傷",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"弛緩性癱瘓",{"term":31,"count":27},"肌束顫動",{"term":33,"count":27},"上運動神經元張力亢進",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-014","下列何者為清醒狀態（awake state）時，神經傳導物質所媒介的神經元活性表現？",14,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-010","負責消化道運動功能之主要結構組織層為下列何者？",10,115,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":27},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-004","下列何者參與形成踝關節？",4,106,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":27},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-042","Reed-Sternberg 細胞是一種特殊的腫瘤細胞，此種細胞出現在下列那種腫瘤？",42,107,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-006","下列有關肺部的敘述，何者正確？",6,108,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-040","下列何種變化最可能發生在凋亡（apoptosis）的細胞？",40,109,"2026-09-04",1788510758631]