[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-1-medical-surgical-048":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":32,"lastmod":63},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-114-1-內外科護理學-048","nurse-114-1-medical-surgical-048",114,1,48,"72歲男性，有心臟病病史，夏天逛露天賣場時不明原因昏倒，臉色潮紅，皮膚乾熱，呼吸24次／分，脈搏強而快，體溫41.5℃，下列何者為其最可能診斷？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"熱中暑（heat stroke）","熱性痙攣（heat cramp）","熱衰竭（heat exhaustion）","熱暈厥（heat syncope）","A",null,[],"本題考點在於熱傷害的鑑別診斷。依體溫調節失代償的判準，中暑（heat stroke）的核心特徵為核心體溫常大於 40℃、中樞神經功能異常（昏倒、意識改變），且因排汗中樞衰竭而皮膚乾熱、無汗。本例體溫 41.5℃、昏倒、皮膚乾熱，符合中暑，選 A。B 熱痙攣為大量流汗後電解質流失致肌肉抽筋，體溫多正常；C 熱衰竭以脫水、皮膚濕冷、體溫輕度上升為主，未達 40℃；D 熱暈厥為長時間站立血液滯留下肢致暫時性暈厥，體溫正常，皆與本例高燒乾熱不符。","關鍵鑑別點是「排汗與體溫」：熱衰竭仍會流汗（皮膚濕冷），中暑排汗機制衰竭（皮膚乾熱）且體溫飆破 40℃並侵犯中樞神經，屬急重症。老年人、心臟病與慢性病者體溫調節差，為高危險群。記憶：乾熱＋高燒＋神智不清等於中暑；濕冷＋大汗等於熱衰竭。",[24,26,28,30],{"term":25,"count":10},"中暑 heat stroke",{"term":27,"count":10},"體溫調節",{"term":29,"count":10},"排汗中樞衰竭",{"term":31,"count":10},"熱傷害鑑別",[33,37,42,48,53,58],{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-114-1-medical-surgical-049","有關輸血品項與適應症之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",49,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":41},"nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-045","有關造成糖尿病人血糖過高之促因，下列敘述何者最不適當？",45,3,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":47},"nurse-115-2-medical-surgical-039","有關血液透析病人動靜脈瘻管的敘述，下列何者最適當？",39,115,2,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":10},"nurse-107-1-medical-surgical-027","有關發生蘇莫吉效應（Somogyi effect）之敘述，下列何者正確？",27,107,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-071","有關甲狀腺切除後可能發生的合併症，下列何者正確？",71,108,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":47},"nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-025","有關白內障之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",25,109,"2026-09-04",1788510757611]