[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-028":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-114-1-基礎醫學-028","nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-028",114,1,28,"下列何者為快速進行性腎絲球腎炎（rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis）最主要的病理變化？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"新月體（crescent）","乾酪性壞死（caseous necrosis）","羅素小體（Russell body）","類纖維素性壞死（fibrinoid necrosis）","A",null,[],"本題考點在於快速進行性腎絲球腎炎（RPGN）的特徵性病理變化。依病理學，RPGN 的核心病變是鮑氏囊內壁層上皮細胞與滲出的纖維蛋白、單核球增生形成「新月體」，壓迫腎絲球叢並使腎功能於數週內急速惡化，故選 A。B 乾酪性壞死是結核的特徵；C 羅素小體為漿細胞內免疫球蛋白聚積，見於漿細胞病變；D 類纖維素性壞死見於惡性高血壓或血管炎的血管壁，皆非 RPGN 的定義性變化。","新月體形成代表腎絲球基底膜嚴重破裂，血漿成分外漏引發增生。RPGN 依免疫螢光可分三型：抗 GBM 抗體型（線狀沉積，如 Goodpasture）、免疫複合體型（顆粒狀）與寡免疫型（ANCA 相關血管炎）。臨床意義是屬腎臟急症，須及早診斷以爭取治療窗。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"快速進行性腎絲球腎炎",2,{"term":29,"count":11},"新月體",{"term":31,"count":11},"抗 GBM 抗體",{"term":33,"count":11},"ANCA",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-029","乳癌病患出現橘皮（peau d'orange）現象，與下列何者最有關？",29,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":43},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-025","下列何者是最常見的惡性淋巴瘤（malignant lymphoma）？",25,3,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":27},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-019","肺內的氧濃度小於 70 mmHg，對肺內血流的影響為何？",19,115,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-007","有關淋巴結的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",7,107,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-051","下列何者為治療毛地黃中毒時，引發心室纖維顫動的首選藥物？",51,108,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":27},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-005","下列有關胸膜的敘述，何者錯誤？",5,109,"2026-09-04",1788510756456]