[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-023":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-114-1-基礎醫學-023","nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-023",114,1,23,"KIT基因突變是下列那種腫瘤最常見的分子變化？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"肺腺癌","胃腸道基質瘤","肝癌","膀胱癌","B",null,[],"本題考點在於特定腫瘤的分子標記與致癌驅動基因。KIT 基因（編碼 c-KIT 受體酪胺酸激酶）突變是胃腸道基質瘤（GIST）最常見且具特徵性的分子變化，也是標靶藥物 imatinib 有效的分子基礎，故選 B。A 肺腺癌常見的驅動突變為 EGFR、ALK、KRAS 等，非 KIT；C 肝癌多與 B、C 型肝炎、肝硬化及 TP53、CTNNB1 等相關；D 膀胱癌常見 FGFR3、TP53 突變，皆非以 KIT 突變為主，故三者皆不符合。","GIST 起源於腸道的間質卡氏間隙細胞（Cajal cell），約 80% 帶 KIT（CD117）活化突變，少數為 PDGFRA 突變；免疫組織化學 CD117 陽性是診斷關鍵。此發現讓酪胺酸激酶抑制劑 imatinib 成為靶向治療的里程碑。腫瘤—驅動基因配對是常考題：GIST-KIT、肺腺癌-EGFR\u002FALK、慢性骨髓性白血病-BCR-ABL、乳癌-HER2，宜整理成對照表記憶。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"KIT 基因突變",{"term":28,"count":11},"胃腸道基質瘤 GIST",{"term":30,"count":11},"c-KIT 受體",{"term":32,"count":11},"imatinib 標靶治療",[34,38,43,49,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-024","下列何者並非鉛中毒的常見表現？",24,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":42},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-020","下列那種神經傳遞物質，對平滑肌細胞最可能會產生興奮性或抑制性作用？",20,3,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":48},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-014","某病人接受頸部手術後，抱怨手術後食慾不佳、便秘症狀。上述症狀最可能是因為那一條神經受損所造成？",14,115,2,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":48,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-002","下列何者分泌褪黑激素（melatonin）？",107,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-046","一般而言，腎結石以下列那一類結石最常見？",46,108,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-080","下列何種細菌因缺乏細胞壁，因此無法使用青黴素來治療？",80,109,"2026-09-04",1788510756411]