[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-008":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":26},"nurse-114-1-基礎醫學-008","nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-008",114,1,8,"正常情況下，下列何種物質在腎臟再吸收（reabsorption）的比例最高？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"水","鈉離子","葡萄糖","尿素","C",null,[],"本題考點在於腎小管對各物質再吸收比例的比較。依腎臟生理，葡萄糖在正常血糖下於近曲小管幾乎百分之百被再吸收，尿中通常測不到，再吸收比例最高，故選 C。A 水約再吸收 99%，比例雖高但仍略低於葡萄糖，且尿量的存在代表非完全再吸收；B 鈉離子再吸收約 99% 亦非全部，需維持體液電解質平衡而有部分排出；D 尿素為含氮廢物，僅部分被動再吸收、大部分隨尿排出以清除代謝廢物，比例最低，故三者皆不及葡萄糖。","葡萄糖的近乎 100% 再吸收由近曲小管的鈉—葡萄糖共同轉運體（SGLT）完成，具「腎閾值」概念：血糖超過約 180 mg\u002FdL 使轉運體飽和（達到 transport maximum, Tm），葡萄糖才漏入尿液，即糖尿病糖尿的成因。尿素則刻意保留部分排出以維持髓質滲透梯度並清除廢物。比較再吸收率記為：葡萄糖≈100%＞水、鈉≈99%＞尿素。",[25,27,30,32],{"term":17,"count":26},3,{"term":28,"count":29},"近曲小管",2,{"term":31,"count":11},"腎小管再吸收",{"term":33,"count":11},"腎閾值",[35,39,43,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-009","肺氣腫（emphysema）患者因肺泡壁遭到破壞而容易出現下列那一種變化？",9,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":26},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-005","下列何者不屬於淋巴器官（lymphoid organs），無法製造免疫細胞？",5,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-049","口腔內最常見的真菌感染是由下列何種菌屬引起？",49,115,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":29},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-067","下列何種細胞激素，可刺激嗜酸性白血球分泌媒介物，引起氣喘？",67,106,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-031","關於碳水化合物消化和吸收的敘述，下列何者正確？",31,108,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-065","下列對弧菌（Vibrio）的敘述，何者為正確？",65,109,"2026-09-04",1788510756264]