[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-003":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-114-1-基礎醫學-003","nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-003",114,1,3,"下列何者會導致電位過極化（hyperpolarizing），進而誘發抑制性突觸後電位（inhibitory postsynaptic potential, IPSP）的表現？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"Cl – channel open；K ＋ channel open","Na ＋ channel open；K ＋ channel open","Ca ２＋ channel open；K ＋ channel open","Na ＋ channel open；Cl – channel open","A",null,[],"本題考點在於抑制性突觸後電位（IPSP）造成過極化的離子機轉。過極化指膜電位變得比靜止電位更負，可透過負電荷流入或正電荷流出達成。氯離子（Cl⁻）通道開啟使帶負電的氯離子流入細胞內，鉀離子（K⁺）通道開啟使帶正電的鉀離子流出細胞外，兩者皆令膜電位更負而過極化，符合 IPSP，故選 A。B、D 含鈉離子通道開啟，鈉內流造成去極化（興奮），與抑制相反；C 鈣離子通道開啟使鈣內流亦屬去極化，皆無法產生過極化，故錯誤。","判斷去極化或過極化的通則：正離子（Na⁺、Ca²⁺）內流或負離子外流→去極化（興奮）；負離子（Cl⁻）內流或正離子（K⁺）外流→過極化（抑制）。IPSP 的兩大主力就是 GABA_A 受體開 Cl⁻ 通道、GABA_B 受體開 K⁺ 通道。只要選項出現 Na⁺ 或 Ca²⁺ 通道開啟，多半屬興奮性，可直接排除，本題僅 A 同時滿足 Cl⁻ 內流與 K⁺ 外流。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"過極化",2,{"term":29,"count":27},"鉀離子外流",{"term":31,"count":11},"抑制性突觸後電位",{"term":33,"count":11},"氯離子內流",[35,39,43,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-004","下列有關褪黑激素（melatonin）的敘述，何者錯誤？",4,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":27},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-050","有關病毒的敘述，下列何者最適當？",50,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-044","有關疫苗的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",44,115,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":27},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-062","使用三合一療法（triple therapy）治療幽門桿菌引起的胃潰瘍，不包含下列何種藥物？",62,106,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-026","下列那一個蛋白質不參與骨骼肌（skeletal muscle）的收縮？",26,108,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-060","下列何種類鴉片藥物，對 κ-受體的致效劑作用較其對 µ-及 δ-受體的作用強？",60,109,"2026-09-04",1788510756227]