[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-001":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":62},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-114-1-基礎醫學-001","nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-001",114,1,"心肌的肌內質網主要受何者刺激而釋放鈣離子？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"細胞外流入的鈉離子","肌醇三磷酸","細胞外流入的鈣離子","細胞膜電位的改變","C",null,[],"本題考點在於心肌興奮收縮偶聯中肌漿網釋放鈣離子的觸發機轉。依「鈣誘發鈣釋放（calcium-induced calcium release）」原理，心肌動作電位使 L 型鈣通道開啟，細胞外鈣離子流入細胞質，這些鈣離子再與肌漿網上的 ryanodine 受體結合，觸發肌漿網大量釋出鈣，故答案為 C 細胞外流入的鈣離子。A 鈉離子主要負責去極化上升相，非直接觸發肌漿網釋鈣；B 肌醇三磷酸（IP₃）是平滑肌與非肌肉細胞的釋鈣路徑，非心肌主要機轉；D 膜電位改變是骨骼肌經 DHP 受體機械偶聯的方式，心肌則須真正的鈣內流當觸發訊號。","骨骼肌與心肌釋鈣機轉是經典對比考點：骨骼肌靠 DHP 受體與 ryanodine 受體「機械性」直接偶聯，不需細胞外鈣進入即可釋鈣；心肌則必須先有少量細胞外鈣經 L 型鈣通道流入，才觸發肌漿網放大釋鈣（CICR）。這也解釋為何心肌收縮對細胞外鈣濃度依賴、對鈣離子阻斷劑敏感，而骨骼肌相對不受影響。",[24,27,30,32],{"term":25,"count":26},"鈣誘發鈣釋放",3,{"term":28,"count":29},"肌漿網",2,{"term":31,"count":11},"L 型鈣通道",{"term":33,"count":11},"ryanodine 受體",[35,38,42,47,52,57],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":29,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-002","下列何種疾病與耳朵功能異常最無關？",{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":29},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-048","引起全身性真菌病的主要真菌病原菌，最常見感染人類的方式為何？",48,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-042","下列何種免疫細胞具有吞噬能力，當病原菌入侵人體組織時，可作為抗菌的第一道防線？",42,115,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":29},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-060","有關 paclitaxel 的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",60,106,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-024","腎上腺素（epinephrine）會直接造成下列何種反應？",24,108,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-058","關節炎之發炎反應可用 celecoxib 加以治療，其較少引發胃腸道出血。此藥物主要阻斷何種自泌素之生合成？",58,109,"2026-09-04",1788510756200]