[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-036":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-113-3-基礎醫學-036","nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-036",113,3,36,"下列藥物中，何者為抗凝血劑（anticoagulant），主要用於預防深層靜脈栓塞（deep vein thrombosis）生成？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"clopidogrel","tirofiban","aspirin","rivaroxaban","D",null,[],"本題考點在於區分「抗凝血劑」與「抗血小板藥」兩大類抗栓塞藥物。深層靜脈栓塞屬於靜脈系統血流緩慢形成的纖維蛋白血栓，主力靠凝血瀑布，故預防用藥為抗凝血劑。依作用機轉，rivaroxaban 直接抑制凝血因子 Xa，阻斷凝血酶生成，正是預防與治療深層靜脈栓塞的口服抗凝血劑，選 D。其餘三者皆屬抗血小板藥，主要用於動脈血栓（如冠心症、腦中風）：clopidogrel 為 P2Y12 受體阻斷劑，抑制 ADP 活化血小板；tirofiban 為 GPIIb\u002FIIIa 受體拮抗劑，阻斷血小板聚集最後共同途徑；aspirin 抑制 COX-1、減少血栓素 A2。三者作用在血小板而非凝血因子，對靜脈栓塞預防非首選。","記憶對比：靜脈血栓「紅血栓」以纖維蛋白為主，用抗凝血劑（heparin、warfarin、Xa 抑制劑 -xaban、直接凝血酶抑制劑 dabigatran）；動脈血栓「白血栓」以血小板為主，用抗血小板藥。rivaroxaban、apixaban、edoxaban 同屬 DOAC（直接口服抗凝劑），免驗 INR 是相對 warfarin 的優勢。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"抗凝血劑 vs 抗血小板藥",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"凝血因子 Xa 抑制劑",{"term":31,"count":27},"深層靜脈栓塞",{"term":33,"count":27},"DOAC",[35,39,45,50,55,60],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-037","小玉是位有心臟病病史的膀胱癌病人，正在使用化療藥物 cisplatin，因出現嘔吐副作用，此時使用下列何種止吐劑最合適？",37,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":44},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-033","下列降血壓藥物中，何者為腎素抑制劑（renin inhibitor）？",33,114,2,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":27},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-027","下列何種病毒不會造成慢性肝炎？",27,115,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":44},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-045","急性腎盂腎炎（acute pyelonephritis）之病因為何？",45,106,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":27},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-009","胎兒心臟的卵圓孔，連通的是那兩個腔室？",9,108,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":27},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-043","有關急性淋巴母細胞性白血病（Acute lymphoblastic leukemia\u002Flymphoma）的病理敘述，下列何者錯誤？",43,109,"2026-09-04",1788510751798]