[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-031":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":26},"nurse-113-3-基礎醫學-031","nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-031",113,3,31,"下列降血壓藥物中，何者能活化交感神經突觸前的 α 2 -adrenergic receptor？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"prazosin","acebutolol","clonidine","yohimbine","C",null,[],"本題考點在於降血壓藥物與腎上腺素受體的作用位置。clonidine 是中樞性 α2 腎上腺素受體促效劑,活化交感神經突觸前(以及腦幹血管運動中樞)的 α2 受體後,經負回饋抑制中樞交感神經衝動輸出,降低末梢交感張力而降血壓,故選 C。A prazosin 是選擇性 α1 受體「阻斷劑」,作用於突觸後 α1 使血管舒張,並非活化突觸前 α2。B acebutolol 是選擇性 β1 受體阻斷劑,降低心輸出與腎素分泌,與 α2 無關。D yohimbine 恰為 α2 受體「拮抗劑」,作用方向相反(增加交感輸出),並非活化 α2。掌握「clonidine＝中樞 α2 促效、減交感」的機轉即可鎖定答案。","α2 受體多位於突觸前,活化後抑制正腎上腺素釋放,屬負回饋煞車。clonidine、methyldopa(經代謝為 α-methylnorepinephrine 作用於 α2)、guanfacine 皆屬中樞性抗高血壓藥,常見副作用為口乾、鎮靜,突然停藥可致反彈性高血壓。相對地 prazosin\u002Fdoxazosin 阻斷 α1 引起姿位性低血壓(首劑效應),也用於攝護腺肥大。記憶對比:促效 α2(clonidine)降壓、拮抗 α2(yohimbine)升壓;阻斷 α1(prazosin)降壓。理解突觸前\u002F後與促效\u002F拮抗的排列組合,是自律神經藥理最常考的核心。",[25,27,30,32],{"term":17,"count":26},2,{"term":28,"count":29},"中樞性 α2 促效劑",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"交感神經負回饋",{"term":33,"count":29},"prazosin 為 α1 拮抗劑",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-032","下列安眠藥中，何者能活化 melatonin receptor（褪黑激素受體）？",32,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":26},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-028","子宮頸癌（cervical cancer）最常見的病理組織形態為何？",28,114,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":29},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-022","關於慢性肉芽腫病（chronic granulomatous disease）的敘述，下列何者正確？",22,115,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":26},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-040","下列有關感染性單核球症（infectious mononucleosis）的敘述，何者錯誤？",40,106,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":29},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-004","上臂觸摸肱動脈脈搏的位置為下列何處？",4,108,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":29},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-038","狂牛病是何種病原感染所引起？",38,109,"2026-09-04",1788510751759]