[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":68},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-027":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":67},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-113-3-基礎醫學-027","nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-027",113,3,27,"肝硬化（cirrhosis）會造成腹水（ascites）是和下列何種原因有關？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"白蛋白（albumin）增加","白蛋白（albumin）降低","膽紅素（bilirubin）增加","膽紅素（bilirubin）降低","B",null,[],"本題考點在於肝硬化造成腹水的病生理機轉。肝硬化時肝細胞合成白蛋白能力顯著下降,導致低白蛋白血症、血漿膠體滲透壓降低,加上門脈高壓使肝竇與腸繫膜微血管靜水壓上升,兩者共同促使液體滲入腹腔形成腹水,故與白蛋白降低有關,選 B。A 白蛋白增加與事實相反,肝硬化是白蛋白減少。C、D 膽紅素的增減主要反映肝細胞處理膽色素與膽道排泄的能力,關聯的是黃疸,而非腹水形成的直接原因。掌握「肝硬化→白蛋白合成下降＋門脈高壓→膠體滲透壓低、靜水壓高→腹水」的雙重機轉,即可鎖定白蛋白降低為關鍵。","肝硬化腹水的形成是多因子:門脈高壓提高肝竇與內臟微血管靜水壓、低白蛋白降低膠體滲透壓、內臟血管擴張致有效循環血量下降進而活化腎素—血管收縮素—醛固酮系統造成鈉水滯留,以及肝淋巴生成增加超出胸管回流能力。白蛋白(正常約 3.5–5.0 g\u002FdL)半衰期約 20 天,是評估肝臟合成功能的重要指標。臨床上以血清—腹水白蛋白梯度(SAAG)≥1.1 g\u002FdL 判定門脈高壓性腹水。理解此機轉也解釋為何治療須限鈉、利尿並補充白蛋白以維持膠體滲透壓。",[25,28,31,33],{"term":26,"count":27},"低白蛋白血症",5,{"term":29,"count":30},"肝硬化",4,{"term":32,"count":30},"門脈高壓",{"term":34,"count":35},"膠體滲透壓下降與腹水",1,[37,41,47,52,57,62],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-028","三歲男孩，血中 α 胎兒蛋白（α-fetoprotein）上升，最可能為何種睪丸腫瘤？",28,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":46},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-024","下列那一種人類病原體的大小（size）最小？",24,114,2,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":35},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-018","下列那一結構可增加小腸內表面積，提高吸收效率？",18,115,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":46},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-036","下列那一種人類白血球抗原（human leukocyte antigen, HLA）專屬於抗原呈現細胞（antigen presenting cell），允許 CD4 輔助性 T 細胞辨識外來抗原，產生免疫反應？",36,106,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":46},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-080","有關有鉤絛蟲（Taenia solium）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",80,107,{"webId":63,"stem":64,"number":65,"year":66,"session":35},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-034","有關嬰兒多囊性腎病變之敘述，下列何者正確？",34,109,"2026-09-04",1788510751718]