[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":67},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-025":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":66},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-113-3-基礎醫學-025","nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-025",113,3,25,"下列為心肌梗塞（myocardial infarction）的病理變化，請依出現的先後時序予以排列：①嗜中性球浸潤（neutrophilicinfiltration） ②吞噬細胞（macrophages）清除死亡的細胞 ③心肌出現凝固性壞死（coagulative necrosis） ④肉芽組織（granulation tissue）出現，並有膠原纖維（collagen）堆積",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"①④③②","②①④③","③①②④","④②③①","C",null,[],"本題考點在於心肌梗塞後心肌病理變化的時間序列。心肌缺血壞死後的修復依序為:先出現③凝固性壞死(數小時內心肌細胞死亡),接著①嗜中性球浸潤(第 1–3 天急性發炎),再由②巨噬細胞進場清除壞死細胞碎屑(約第 3–7 天),最後④肉芽組織形成並沉積膠原纖維進行纖維化修復(約 1–2 週後至數週成疤),故順序為③①②④,選 C。A、B、D 皆未依「壞死→中性球→巨噬細胞→肉芽\u002F膠原」的發炎與修復自然時序排列而錯誤。掌握「急性壞死→急性發炎細胞(嗜中性球)→慢性清除細胞(巨噬)→纖維修復」的通用傷口癒合節律,即可正確排序。","心肌梗塞病理時序常考:0–4 小時外觀無明顯變化(僅波浪狀纖維);4–24 小時凝固性壞死、收縮帶壞死;1–3 天嗜中性球浸潤明顯、壞死區蒼白;3–7 天巨噬細胞清除壞死心肌、此期心肌最脆弱易破裂;7–10 天至 2 週肉芽組織長入、新生血管與膠原開始沉積;數週至 2 個月形成緻密膠原疤痕。此節律呼應一般組織修復:發炎期→增生期→重塑期。臨床風險對應:早期心律不整、3–7 天心室壁或乳突肌破裂、後期心室動脈瘤。記憶口訣:壞(死)—嗜(中性球)—吞(巨噬)—疤(肉芽膠原)。",[25,28,31,34],{"term":26,"count":27},"凝固性壞死",5,{"term":29,"count":30},"心肌梗塞病理時序",2,{"term":32,"count":33},"嗜中性球與巨噬細胞",1,{"term":35,"count":33},"肉芽組織與纖維化",[37,41,46,51,56,61],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-026","血液中何種白血球增多與過敏性疾病（allergic diseases）最相關？",26,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":30},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-022","下列何種機制與鬱血性心衰竭（congestive heart failure）患者的肺水腫最為相關？",22,114,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":50,"session":33},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-016","就多數情況而言，下列有關右肺肋面（costal surface）裂隙的敘述，何者錯誤？",16,115,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":30},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-034","下列那一器官遭受到可逆性傷害時，最常以脂肪變性（fatty change）來呈現？",34,106,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":30},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-078","依波拉病毒（Ebola virus）是經由下列何者傳播？",78,107,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":64,"year":65,"session":33},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-032","葛瑞夫氏症（Graves’ disease）的患者，血漿中何種物質濃度會下降？",32,109,"2026-09-04",1788510751696]