[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-021":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-113-3-基礎醫學-021","nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-021",113,3,21,"有關細胞凋亡（apoptosis）的敘述，下列何者最不適當？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"凋亡比壞死（necrosis）更易引起發炎反應","輻射造成細胞核酸嚴重受損可引起細胞凋亡的發生","病毒性肝炎肝細胞的死亡為病理性的凋亡","正常月經週期子宮內膜崩離是生理性的凋亡","A",null,[],"本題考點在於細胞凋亡(apoptosis)與壞死(necrosis)的差異,為反向題,要挑最不適當者。凋亡是程序性、耗能的細胞自殺,細胞皺縮、核濃縮碎裂、形成凋亡小體並被吞噬細胞清除,細胞膜完整、內容物不外漏,故「幾乎不引起發炎反應」;相對地壞死才會使細胞內容物釋出而引發明顯發炎。因此 A「凋亡比壞死更易引起發炎」敘述錯誤,為正解。B 正確,輻射造成 DNA 嚴重受損可經 p53 途徑啟動凋亡。C 正確,病毒性肝炎中受感染肝細胞形成的康氏小體(Councilman body)即病理性凋亡。D 正確,月經週期子宮內膜的規律崩離屬生理性凋亡。抓住「凋亡不發炎、壞死才發炎」的核心對比即可辨識 A 之誤。","凋亡兩大途徑:內在(粒線體)途徑由細胞壓力、DNA 損傷經 p53、Bcl-2 家族調控釋出細胞色素 c 活化 caspase-9;外在(死亡受體)途徑由 Fas\u002FTNF 受體活化 caspase-8,兩者最終匯流至執行者 caspase-3。凋亡特徵:細胞縮小、染色質邊集、DNA 呈梯狀斷裂、膜起泡形成凋亡小體被巨噬細胞乾淨吞噬,不漏內容物故不發炎。壞死則為被動、細胞腫脹破裂、內容物外漏引發發炎浸潤。記憶對比表——凋亡:主動\u002F單顆\u002F耗能\u002F不發炎\u002F生理常見;壞死:被動\u002F成片\u002F病理\u002F發炎\u002F水腫破裂。臨床上腫瘤常因凋亡機制失靈(如 Bcl-2 過度表現)而逃避死亡。",[25,28,31,33],{"term":26,"count":27},"細胞凋亡",2,{"term":29,"count":30},"壞死",1,{"term":32,"count":30},"caspase 與 p53",{"term":34,"count":30},"凋亡不引起發炎",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-022","下列何者不是造成血漿滲透壓下降的原因？",22,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":27},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-018","下列那一段腎小管（renal tubule）對水的通透度最低？",18,114,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":30},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-012","下列何者不具上皮組織？",12,115,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":27},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-030","去玉山旅遊時，由於氧分壓不足，因而引起呼吸加快，在此情況下，何種生理反應最可能伴隨發生？",30,106,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":27},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-074","下列何種細菌感染症較少經由節肢動物（arthropod）傳播？",74,107,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":30},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-028","下列何者是血液中運送二氧化碳的最主要方式？",28,109,"2026-09-04",1788510751667]