[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-020":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-113-3-基礎醫學-020","nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-020",113,3,20,"有關脂肪乳化（emulsification）的敘述，下列何者正確？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"腸道機械性的運動對於脂肪乳化沒有影響","三酸甘油酯（triglyceride）經乳化作用分解為單酸甘油酯（monoglyceride）和游離脂肪酸（free fatty acid）","特定蛋白質經乳化作用與三酸甘油酯（triglyceride）產生乳糜微粒（chylomicron）","脂肪乳化需要肝臟分泌的膽鹽（bile salt）和磷脂質（phospholipid）","D",null,[],"本題考點在於脂肪乳化的定義與所需物質。脂肪乳化是將大脂肪滴分散成小微滴以增加脂解酶作用表面積的物理過程,主要仰賴肝臟分泌、儲存於膽囊的膽鹽,以及磷脂質作為乳化劑,故選 D。A 錯誤,腸道的機械性攪動(分節運動)本身就有助脂肪分散乳化,說沒有影響是錯的。B 錯誤,把三酸甘油酯分解為單酸甘油酯與游離脂肪酸的是胰脂解酶(lipase)的化學水解,乳化只是物理性分散、非分解反應。C 錯誤,乳糜微粒是在小腸上皮細胞內由再合成的三酸甘油酯與脂蛋白(apoprotein)組裝而成,並非在腸腔乳化過程直接產生。掌握「乳化＝膽鹽+磷脂的物理分散,脂解=胰脂解酶的化學水解」的區分即可作答。","脂肪消化吸收流程:膽鹽(兩性分子)包覆大脂滴形成乳糜微滴→增加表面積利胰脂解酶水解為單酸甘油酯與脂肪酸→膽鹽再與這些產物形成微膠粒(micelle)運送至腸上皮刷狀緣被吸收→細胞內重新酯化為三酸甘油酯,與膽固醇、磷脂及 apoB-48 組裝成乳糜微粒→經乳糜管進入淋巴。膽鹽於迴腸末端被再吸收經肝腸循環回收。臨床上膽道阻塞或迴腸切除會致脂肪吸收不良與脂肪便,脂溶性維生素(A、D、E、K)吸收也連帶受損。記憶:乳化是物理(膽鹽)、分解是化學(酶)、吸收靠微膠粒。",[25,27,30,33],{"term":26,"count":11},"胰脂解酶",{"term":28,"count":29},"乳糜微粒",2,{"term":31,"count":32},"脂肪乳化",1,{"term":34,"count":32},"膽鹽與磷脂質",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-021","有關細胞凋亡（apoptosis）的敘述，下列何者最不適當？",21,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":29},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-017","下列何種疾病主要是視錐細胞（cone cells）基因突變異常所致？",17,114,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":32},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-011","下列那兩種內分泌器官，其主體是由神經組織以及腺體組織共同發育組合形成？",11,115,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":29},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-029","對於直接調控腎臟皮質集尿管（collecting duct）上皮細胞對水的通透性，下列何者能力最強？",29,106,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":29},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-073","下列何種細菌較容易引起抗生素相關腹瀉（antibiotic-associated diarrhea）？",73,107,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":32},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-027","那一段腎小管對水的滲透性最低？",27,109,"2026-09-04",1788510751657]