[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-019":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-113-3-基礎醫學-019","nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-019",113,3,19,"有關氣胸（pneumothorax）後的敘述，下列何者最適當？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"胸膜內壓（intrapleural pressure）降低","肺間壓（transpulmonary pressure）下降","肺泡內壓（alveolar pressure）持續降低","肺泡內壓（alveolar pressure）持續升高","B",null,[],"本題考點在於氣胸發生後胸腔內壓力關係的變化。正常時胸膜腔為負壓,肺因跨肺壓(transpulmonary pressure=肺泡內壓減胸膜內壓)為正而維持擴張;氣胸時空氣進入胸膜腔,使胸膜內壓上升趨近大氣壓,跨肺壓因而下降,肺失去擴張的壓力差而塌陷,故選 B 肺間壓(跨肺壓)下降。A 錯誤,氣胸時胸膜內壓是上升(負壓消失、趨近或超過大氣壓),而非降低。C、D 錯誤,單純氣胸下肺已與大氣相通,肺泡內壓在呼吸週期間會回到與大氣平衡,並非持續降低或持續升高。掌握「跨肺壓＝肺泡壓−胸膜壓,是撐開肺的關鍵壓力差」即可理解氣胸時此差值變小、肺塌陷。","跨肺壓是維持肺膨脹的淨壓力,氣胸讓胸膜腔負壓消失,跨肺壓歸零或轉負,肺依彈性回縮而塌陷。張力性氣胸更危險:單向活瓣使氣體只進不出,胸膜腔壓力持續升高,壓迫縱膈與大血管、減少靜脈回流而致血壓驟降,屬需立即減壓的急症。對比記憶:胸膜內壓(intrapleural,約 −5 cmH2O)、肺泡內壓(alveolar,吸氣時略負、呼氣時略正)、跨肺壓(兩者之差,恆正才能撐肺)。理解這三個壓力的關係,是判讀氣胸、機械通氣與呼吸力學的基礎。",[25,28,30,33],{"term":26,"count":27},"跨肺壓",2,{"term":29,"count":27},"胸膜內壓",{"term":31,"count":32},"氣胸",1,{"term":34,"count":32},"肺塌陷",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-020","有關脂肪乳化（emulsification）的敘述，下列何者正確？",20,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":27},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-016","下列何者可將睪固酮轉換為動情二醇（17β-estradiol）？",16,114,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":32},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-010","負責消化道運動功能之主要結構組織層為下列何者？",10,115,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":27},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-028","下列何者會導致腎絲球過濾率（glomerular filtration rate）下降？",28,106,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":27},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-072","針對淋病雙球菌（Neisseria gonorrhoeae ）造成的疾病，下列何者錯誤？",72,107,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":32},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-026","缺血性心肌梗塞後，死亡的心肌細胞是由何種組織取代？",26,109,"2026-09-04",1788510751654]