[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-2-psychiatric-community-028":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-113-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-028","nurse-113-2-psychiatric-community-028",113,2,28,"有關篩檢工具效度的敘述，下列何者最適當？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"敏感度又稱為真陰性","特異性又稱為真陽性","好的篩檢工具要敏感度越高越好，特異性越低越好","偽陽性率與偽陰性率是為了瞭解篩檢結果的錯誤率","D",null,[],"本題考點在於篩檢工具效度指標的定義辨析。依流行病學定義,偽陽性率與偽陰性率分別代表「無病者被誤判為陽性」與「有病者被誤判為陰性」的比率,兩者正是用來衡量篩檢結果錯誤程度的指標,敘述正確,故選 D。選項 A 錯在:敏感度(sensitivity)是有病者被正確驗出陽性的比率,對應的是「真陽性率」而非真陰性;選項 B 錯在:特異性(specificity)是無病者被正確驗為陰性的比率,對應「真陰性率」而非真陽性,A、B 恰好把兩者定義對調;選項 C 錯在:敏感度與特異性通常呈消長(trade-off)關係,好的篩檢工具追求兩者都高,而非「特異性越低越好」,特異性太低會製造大量偽陽性、增加後續確診成本與焦慮。","記憶口訣:「敏感抓病人(真陽性,SnNout——高敏感度陰性可排除)、特異排健康(真陰性,SpPin——高特異度陽性可確診)」。2×2 表:真陽 a、偽陽 b、偽陰 c、真陰 d;敏感度=a\u002F(a+c),特異度=d\u002F(b+d),偽陰性率=c\u002F(a+c),偽陽性率=b\u002F(b+d)。切點右移特異度升敏感度降,反之亦然,故無法兩者同時無限提高,實務依疾病後果權衡。",[24,26,28,31],{"term":25,"count":10},"敏感度 sensitivity",{"term":27,"count":10},"特異性 specificity",{"term":29,"count":30},"偽陽性率與偽陰性率",1,{"term":32,"count":30},"篩檢效度 2×2 表",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-113-2-psychiatric-community-029","有關疾病的流行情形，下列敘述何者最適當？",29,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":30},"nurse-114-1-psychiatric-community-025","有關解除肢體的約束， 下列何者最不適宜？",25,114,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":47},"nurse-114-3-psychiatric-community-019","躁症病人於住院期間之護理，下列敘述何者最適當？",19,3,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":30},"nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-067","有關外籍及大陸配偶婦女之生育健康管理，下列何者錯誤？",67,106,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-psychiatric-community-031","有關 65 歲以上老年人自殺的敘述，下列何者正確？",31,107,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":30},"nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-065","下列何種措施最有助於降低病態建築症候群（sick building syndrome, SBS）的發生？",65,109,"2026-09-04",1788510756006]