[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-2-psychiatric-community-013":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":32,"lastmod":62},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-113-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-013","nurse-113-2-psychiatric-community-013",113,2,13,"有關思覺失調症的致病原因，下列敘述何者最不適切？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"多巴胺（dopamine）受體濃度過低","額葉功能缺損","父母具高度情緒表達","父母採雙重束縛型的溝通","A",null,[],"本題考點在於思覺失調症的病因學,特別是多巴胺假說(dopamine hypothesis)。思覺失調症的正性症狀被認為與中腦邊緣路徑多巴胺活性「過高」有關,抗精神病藥即透過阻斷 D2 受體改善症狀。本題為反向題,最不適切者為 A:「多巴胺受體濃度過低」方向錯誤,應是多巴胺功能「過高」而非過低,故 A 為答案。B 額葉功能缺損與負性、認知症狀相關,方向正確。C 父母高度情緒表達(high expressed emotion)與復發率上升有關,屬環境社會因素。D 雙重束縛型溝通(double bind)是家庭溝通理論中與發病相關的假說。考點在於掌握多巴胺假說的方向(過高致正性症狀)。","多巴胺假說:中腦邊緣路徑 DA 過度活躍→幻覺妄想等正性症狀;中腦皮質路徑 DA 不足→負性與認知症狀。典型抗精神病藥阻斷 D2 改善正性症狀,但可能加重負性症狀與錐體外症候群。高情緒表達(批評、敵意、過度涉入)是復發預測因子,家族衛教重點在降低 EE。記憶:思覺失調正性症狀=多巴胺太多,不是太少。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"思覺失調症多巴胺假說",1,{"term":28,"count":26},"高情緒表達(EE)",{"term":30,"count":26},"雙重束縛溝通",{"term":15,"count":26},[33,37,42,47,52,57],{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-113-2-psychiatric-community-014","下列何者最可能為海洛因急性中毒的症狀？",14,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":41,"session":26},"nurse-114-1-psychiatric-community-010","根據DSM-5診斷準則，有關情感思覺失調症（schizoaffective disorder）的敘述，下列何者正確？",10,114,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":41,"session":46},"nurse-114-3-psychiatric-community-004","張小弟，診斷注意力不足／過動症，幼兒園大班，上課時喜歡走動，多話，無法遵守教室規定和老師提醒，常跟其他小朋友吵架，下列處置何者最不適當？",4,3,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":26},"nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-052","關於 Hancock 及 Duhl 所提出健康城市的十一項品質，下列何者錯誤？",52,106,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-psychiatric-community-016","伍先生，28 歲，診斷為思覺失調症（昔稱精神分裂症），在家排行老么，發病至今已 5 年多，父母為主要照顧者，對個案感到愧疚認為是延誤就醫而造成個案生病，不希望兒子吃藥吃到笨笨的而自行調藥，個案平時在家協助父母管理房屋租賃的事務，最近因為出現自語現象，目前入院一週，個案外觀整齊，沉默，少與他人互動，生活可自理，但每天下午四點會站在大門前等待家人協助洗澡，觀察個案與家人互動融洽，溝通無礙，下列那一項是照顧個案的首要任務？",16,107,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":26},"nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-050","某學者找無罹患過敏性鼻炎的學童，居住於高濃度二氧化硫環境的學童視為暴露組，居住在二氧化硫濃度為環境背景值的學童當非暴露組，追蹤 6 年後分析二組學童罹患過敏性鼻炎的相對危險性（relative risk）為 3.0，請問最合適的推論為：",50,109,"2026-09-04",1788510755876]