[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-2-maternal-pediatric-034":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"產兒科護理學","maternal-pediatric",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-113-2-產兒科護理學-034","nurse-113-2-maternal-pediatric-034",113,2,34,"有關早產兒常發生的問題，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"腦室內出血是因腦室周圍原生質（germinal matrix）部位血管較脆弱易破裂所導致","視網膜病變是因血氧過低或過高，使不成熟的視網膜血管收縮導致缺血","壞死性腸炎的主因是腸胃道生理結構與消化功能不成熟","呼吸窘迫症候群是因缺乏表面張力素造成肺擴張不全","C",null,[],"本題考點在於早產兒常見併發症的病生理機轉，屬反向題，須找出錯誤敘述。錯誤敘述為 C：壞死性腸炎（NEC）的主因並非單純「腸胃道生理結構與消化功能不成熟」，而是「腸道缺血、缺氧、腸道菌叢異常與配方奶餵食」共同導致腸黏膜缺血壞死與細菌侵入，故 C 對主因的描述不完整且失焦，為正解。A 正確，腦室內出血（IVH）源於早產兒腦室周圍生發基質（germinal matrix）血管脆弱、易受血壓波動影響而破裂出血。B 正確，早產兒視網膜病變（ROP）與血氧過高或波動使不成熟視網膜血管收縮、後續異常新生血管有關。D 正確，呼吸窘迫症候群（RDS）因肺表面張力素（surfactant）不足致肺泡塌陷、擴張不全。本題須辨識 NEC 的核心機轉是缺血與腸道防禦不成熟加上餵食因素，而非僅「消化功能不成熟」。","早產兒四大併發症機轉：IVH—生發基質血管網豐富但脆弱，缺氧、血壓與腦血流波動易致出血，週數越小風險越高。ROP—高濃度氧與氧分壓波動使發育中視網膜血管先收縮閉鎖、再代償性異常增生，嚴重可致視網膜剝離失明，故早產兒用氧須嚴格監控目標血氧。RDS—肺第二型肺泡細胞約 34–36 週才成熟分泌足量 surfactant，不足致表面張力過高、肺泡塌陷。NEC—多因素：腸道缺血再灌流損傷、腸黏膜屏障與免疫不成熟、菌叢異常、配方奶（高滲透壓）餵食，母乳可降低發生率。記憶法：早產兒「腦（IVH）、眼（ROP）、肺（RDS）、腸（NEC）」四關卡，各有主因。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"壞死性腸炎多因素機轉",1,{"term":28,"count":26},"腦室內出血生發基質",{"term":30,"count":26},"早產兒視網膜病變與用氧",{"term":32,"count":26},"呼吸窘迫症候群表面張力素",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-113-2-maternal-pediatric-035","有關病童死亡時，支持其家人哀傷的護理措施，下列敘述何者較為適當？",35,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":26},"nurse-114-1-maternal-pediatric-031","小婷，14歲，因罹患全身性紅斑性狼瘡（systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE）住院進行脈衝治療（pulse therapy），護理師提供的照護措施，下列何者不適當？",31,114,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":47},"nurse-114-3-maternal-pediatric-025","有關子宮內膜異位症，下列敘述何者正確？",25,3,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":26},"nurse-106-1-maternal-pediatric-073","王小弟，9 歲，將進行腸道手術前的清潔灌腸（cleansing enema），下列護理技術之執行，何者正確？",73,106,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-maternal-pediatric-037","王女士第一胎，目前在第一產程的過渡期，隨著越來越密集的字宮收縮，王女士顯得很焦慮不安。在床邊陪伴的王先生詢問護理師：「我的太太很不舒服，我也不知道怎麼幫忙，我最好到產房外面等待？」，此時護理師最適當的回答為何？",37,107,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-maternal-pediatric-071","疼痛控制為照護兒癌病童之一大挑戰，有關疼痛的評估及處置，下列敘述何者正確？",71,108,"2026-09-04",1788510755606]