[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-041":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-113-2-基礎醫學-041","nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-041",113,2,41,"有關細菌內毒素（endotoxin），下列敘述何者最不適當？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"主要成分為蛋白質","位於細菌之細胞壁，於細菌裂解時釋出","可刺激宿主之先天性免疫反應，產生細胞激素","可引起發燒和休克","A",null,[],"本題考點在於革蘭氏陰性菌內毒素的本質，屬反向題。依微生物學，內毒素（endotoxin）即革蘭氏陰性菌外膜的脂多醣（lipopolysaccharide, LPS），主要成分為脂質（脂質 A）與多醣，而非蛋白質，故「主要成分為蛋白質」最不適當，選 A。B 正確：位於細胞壁外膜，於細菌裂解時釋出。C 正確：LPS 可刺激先天性免疫、誘生細胞激素。D 正確：可引起發燒與敗血性休克。","內毒素 vs 外毒素對照：內毒素＝LPS，脂質 A 為毒性核心、耐熱、細菌死後釋出、抗原性弱、不能做類毒素；外毒素＝蛋白質，通常不耐熱、活菌分泌、毒性強專一、可做類毒素製疫苗。LPS 經 TLR4 活化免疫，大量釋放引發細胞激素風暴致敗血性休克。此為經典微生物學考點。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"內毒素 LPS",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"脂質 A 為主成分",{"term":31,"count":27},"TLR4 與細胞激素",{"term":33,"count":27},"內外毒素對比",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-042","對抗病菌後死亡的嗜中性白血球（neutrophil），會由何種細胞清除，以維持組織恆定？",42,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-038","下列那一個藥物最適合用來治療變形性骨炎（Paget disease）？",38,114,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":48},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-032","氣喘（asthma）病人服用下列何種降血壓藥物時，最易誘發氣喘發作？",32,3,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":27},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-080","下列有關廣東住血線蟲（Angiostrongylus cantonensis）之敘述，何者正確？",80,106,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-044","下列何種類型的泌尿道結石最常見？",44,107,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-078","下列何種不是常見感染皮膚、毛髮及指甲（cutaneous mycoses）的黴菌？",78,108,"2026-09-04",1788510754243]