[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-030":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-113-2-基礎醫學-030","nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-030",113,2,30,"下列何者最常引起「自發性蛛網膜下腔出血」（spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage）？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"動脈瘤破裂","巨細胞病毒（cytomegalovirus）感染","中腦膜動脈破裂","中腦動脈阻塞","A",null,[],"本題考點在於自發性蛛網膜下腔出血的最常見原因。依神經病理，非外傷性（自發性）蛛網膜下腔出血最常見的成因是顱內漿果狀動脈瘤（berry aneurysm）破裂，好發於威利氏環的分支處，典型表現為突發雷擊般劇烈頭痛，故選 A。B 巨細胞病毒感染屬病毒性腦炎範疇。C 中腦膜動脈破裂造成的是硬腦膜外血腫、多為外傷。D 中腦動脈阻塞造成的是缺血性中風而非出血。","顱內出血分層記位置：硬腦膜外（中腦膜動脈、外傷、清醒期）、硬腦膜下（橋靜脈、老人\u002F酗酒）、蛛網膜下（動脈瘤、雷擊頭痛）、腦實質內（高血壓、基底核）。動脈瘤破裂診斷用 CT 加腰椎穿刺看黃變。危險因子含高血壓、吸菸、多囊腎。",[25,27,30,32],{"term":26,"count":11},"威利氏環",{"term":28,"count":29},"自發性蛛網膜下腔出血",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"漿果狀動脈瘤破裂",{"term":33,"count":29},"雷擊性頭痛",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-031","有關麥角生物鹼（ergot alkaloids）的作用，下列敘述何者錯誤？",31,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":29},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-027","有關家族性腺瘤性息肉症（familial adenomatous polyposis），下列敘述何者錯誤？",27,114,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":48},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-021","有關發炎反應的媒介物（mediators of inflammation），下列何者不是花生四烯酸（arachidonic acid）的代謝物？",21,3,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":29},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-069","人類腎臟移植時會發生超急性移植排斥反應，主要為下列何種系統不合所引起？",69,106,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-033","下列何者不屬於典型慢性發炎的炎症浸潤細胞？",33,107,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-067","預防白喉可注射何種疫苗？",67,108,"2026-09-04",1788510754150]