[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-1-psychiatric-community-029":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-113-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-029","nurse-113-1-psychiatric-community-029",113,1,29,"欲探討婦女懷孕期間使用藥物和胎兒畸型的因果關係，下列何種研究方法最合適？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"臨床試驗 (clinical trial)","描述性調查法(descriptive survey)","橫斷式研究法(cross-sectional study)","世代追蹤研究法(cohort study)","D",null,[],"本題考點在於流行病學研究設計的選擇,重點是「因果關係」與「研究倫理」的雙重考量。探討孕期用藥與胎兒畸形的關聯,依研究倫理原則,不可能把孕婦隨機分派去服用可能致畸胎的藥物,故 A 臨床試驗雖是因果證據力最強的設計,在此情境違反倫理不可行;世代追蹤研究法先確認暴露(是否用藥)再前瞻追蹤結果(胎兒是否畸形),時序明確(因在果之前),可計算相對危險性,是觀察性研究中因果推論力最強者,故選 D。B 描述性調查僅描述現象分布,無對照組,無法檢驗因果;C 橫斷式研究在同一時間點同時測量暴露與結果,無法確立時序先後,只能看相關不能推因果。","研究設計因果證據力階梯(由弱到強):個案報告→橫斷式→病例對照→世代追蹤→隨機對照試驗(RCT)。世代研究:由因追果,可算發生率與相對危險性(RR),適合暴露罕見的情況,缺點是費時費錢、不適合罕見疾病;病例對照研究:由果溯因,算勝算比(OR),適合罕見疾病(如特定畸形),缺點有回憶偏差。本題若問「罕見畸形」且強調省時,答案可能轉向病例對照;但題幹問「因果關係最合適」且選項無病例對照,即取世代研究。倫理紅線記憶:凡是「有害暴露」(用藥致畸、抽菸、輻射)一律不能做實驗性設計,只能觀察性研究——這是命題最愛的陷阱。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"相對危險性",3,{"term":28,"count":10},"世代追蹤研究法",{"term":30,"count":10},"研究設計因果證據力",{"term":32,"count":10},"研究倫理",[34,38,42,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-113-1-psychiatric-community-030","若病人出現發燒、出疹、咳嗽等疑似麻疹症狀，應收集「TOCC」，TOCC包括下列何者？①抽菸史（cessation） ②旅遊史（travel） ③接觸史（contact） ④職業史（occupation） ⑤手術史（operation） ⑥發病時間（time） ⑦群聚史（cluster）",30,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":9,"session":26},"nurse-113-3-psychiatric-community-026","王小姐在出國旅遊時突然生病，需在當地醫院接受治療。根據我國「全民健康保險法」，她可以如何處理相關的醫療費用？",26,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":47},"nurse-114-2-psychiatric-community-020","下列敘述何者為早期失智症的主要症狀表現？",20,114,2,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-018","在病房中，丁小姐常進出男病人之病房，甚至躺在男病人床上，會對新進之實習醫師說：「我做你女朋友好不好？」對於丁小姐上述行為護理師最合宜的反應為：",18,106,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-107-1-psychiatric-community-062","進行社區需求評估時，第一個步驟通常是：",62,107,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-016","張先生診斷為妄想症，認為病房內的人都要害他所以拒絕參加任何活動，只願留在自己的房間。下列那一項護理措施最適宜？",16,109,"2026-09-04",1788510751301]