[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-1-psychiatric-community-015":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-113-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-015","nurse-113-1-psychiatric-community-015",113,1,15,"有關美沙冬（methadone）的敘述，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"不會有呼吸抑制、欣快感和戒斷症狀","成癮性比海洛因低，戒斷症狀也比海洛因輕微","是一種替代療法，其治療主要是心理安撫作用","病人需終身服用","B",null,[],"本題考點在於美沙冬替代療法的藥理特性。美沙冬是合成的長效 μ 鴉片受體致效劑,依替代療法原理,以口服、長效、可控劑量的美沙冬取代靜脈注射海洛因;其成癮性較海洛因低、戒斷症狀出現較慢也較輕微,故 B 正確。A 錯誤,美沙冬仍是鴉片類藥物,過量同樣會呼吸抑制,也有欣快感與戒斷症狀,只是程度與速度不同;C 錯誤,替代療法是真實的藥理作用(佔據鴉片受體、緩解戒斷、降低渴求),並非心理安撫的安慰劑效應;D 錯誤,美沙冬治療會依個案穩定度逐步減量,目標是最終脫離,並非一律終身服用。","美沙冬替代療法(methadone maintenance therapy)機轉:美沙冬口服吸收佳、半衰期長(約 24–36 小時),每日一次即可穩定佔據 μ 受體,阻斷海洛因的欣快效果、預防戒斷症狀,使個案脫離「注射—欣快—戒斷—覓藥」循環,同時降低共用針具傳染 HIV、B\u002FC 型肝炎的公共衛生危害(減害計畫核心)。護理考點:須每日至指定機構當面服藥(避免轉賣)、注意 QT 延長副作用、與 BZD 併用增加呼吸抑制風險。對照藥:丁基原啡因(buprenorphine)為部分致效劑,天花板效應使呼吸抑制風險更低,可舌下含服。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"戒斷症狀",5,{"term":28,"count":10},"美沙冬藥理特性",{"term":30,"count":10},"鴉片類替代療法",{"term":32,"count":10},"減害計畫",[34,38,43,49,54,59],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-113-1-psychiatric-community-016","李同學，12歲，對無法停止洗手行為，感到情緒低落並無自信，導致每次不停的洗手，即使手已經破皮仍繼續洗手。護理師建議李同學藉由玩自己最喜歡的小小兵玩具轉移注意力並練習不繼續洗手。此種照護處置是應用下列何種治療技巧？",16,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":9,"session":42},"nurse-113-3-psychiatric-community-012","陳先生，因鬱症發作，情緒低落，有自殺行為而住院，每日皆會哭泣。有關家屬的照護，下列何項最適宜？",12,3,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":48},"nurse-114-2-psychiatric-community-006","有關思覺失調症病因學，下列敘述何者正確？",6,114,2,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-004","下列有關精神障礙病人的權利，何者正確？",4,106,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":10},"nurse-107-1-psychiatric-community-048","目前提供健保居家護理服務的機構型態，下列何種類型最多？",48,107,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":48,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-002","為慢性精神病患轉介至社區復健中心進行社區復健活動之訓練，關於該中心的服務對象之收案條件，下列何者正確？①符合精神科診斷 ②精神症狀穩定 ③具有復健動機及潛能 ④需安排中途之家者 ⑤需有家屬接送者 ⑥可主動服藥及規律門診追蹤者",109,"2026-09-04",1788510751181]