[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-1-psychiatric-community-008":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-113-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-008","nurse-113-1-psychiatric-community-008",113,1,8,"葉同學剛滿18歲，診斷為雙相情緒障礙症（bipolar disorder），媽媽非常不解的詢問護理師為什麼會這樣。關於疾病的生物病因，下列何項回答最為適切？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"受到近日持續高溫的影響，待天氣轉涼即可改善","跟內分泌系統或神經傳導物質有關，需要藥物治療","跟家族遺傳無直接相關，媽媽不用太自責","鉛中毒是最常見的生物病因","B",null,[],"本題考點在於雙相情緒障礙症的生物病因與家屬衛教。依生物精神醫學觀點,雙相情緒障礙症與神經傳導物質(如正腎上腺素、血清素、多巴胺)失衡及神經內分泌調節異常有關,且需以情緒穩定劑(如鋰鹽)治療,故 B 的回答既符合病因學也導向正確治療方向,最為適切。A 把病因歸於天氣高溫、宣稱轉涼即可改善,毫無實證依據;C 錯誤,雙相情緒障礙症是遺傳度相當高的精神疾病,家族研究與雙胞胎研究皆顯示明顯遺傳傾向,說「與遺傳無直接相關」違反事實;D 鉛中毒並非雙相情緒障礙症的常見病因,屬編造連結。","雙相情緒障礙症的生物病因三大軸:(1)遺傳:一等親罹病率顯著高於一般人口,同卵雙胞胎一致率遠高於異卵,是精神疾病中遺傳度最高者之一;(2)神經傳導物質:躁期與正腎上腺素、多巴胺活性過高有關,鬱期則相反,血清素調節異常貫穿兩極;(3)神經內分泌:HPA 軸失調。治療核心為情緒穩定劑:鋰鹽(治療濃度 0.6–1.2 mEq\u002FL,中毒 >1.5)、valproate、carbamazepine。衛教口訣:「生物病因講得清,家屬less自責、服藥意願增」——說明疾病是腦部生理問題,可降低污名與自責,但不可否認遺傳事實。",[24,27,30,32],{"term":25,"count":26},"情緒穩定劑",3,{"term":28,"count":29},"神經傳導物質假說",2,{"term":31,"count":10},"雙相情緒障礙症生物病因",{"term":33,"count":10},"精神疾病遺傳學",[35,39,43,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-113-1-psychiatric-community-009","下列何項描述符合鬱症發作（major depressive episode）的診斷？",9,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":9,"session":26},"nurse-113-3-psychiatric-community-005","王先生，20 歲，診斷妥瑞氏症，護理師問他：「你今年幾歲？」王先生答：「幾歲？」接著問：「現在做什麼工作？」王先生答：「什麼工作？」這是屬於下列那一種症狀？",5,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":10},"nurse-114-1-psychiatric-community-049","林先生56歲，身高167公分，體重82公斤，喜歡吃滷五花肉，經常便秘，初次檢查結果顯示血中總膽固醇（total cholesterol）數值為245 mg\u002FdL，三酸甘油酯（triglyceride）的數值為230 mg\u002FdL。護理師提供的衛教重點下列那一項最適當？",49,114,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":29},"nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-047","司馬先生為重度失能者，太太為主要照顧者，因女兒生產需到外縣市探視 1 週，太太煩惱先生的照顧問題。依據此家庭狀況，使用下列那一項長期照護服務資源最適當？",47,115,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-107-1-psychiatric-community-041","進入社區四處觀察居民生活環境、型態及互動之資料收集方式為何？",41,107,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":29},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-075","有關學校衛生行政組織之敘述，下列何者正確？",75,108,"2026-09-04",1788510751116]