[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-1-medical-surgical-006":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":37,"lastmod":65},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-113-1-內外科護理學-006","nurse-113-1-medical-surgical-006",113,1,6,"陳先生因肝硬化、嚴重腹水，出現呼吸急促、意識混亂的情形，由家人送往醫院接受治療，於實驗室檢查中，可能出現下列何種結果？①ALT：80 U\u002FL、AST：55 U\u002FL ②albumin 4.0 gm\u002FdL ③prothrombin time 5 sec ④ammonia 120 mg\u002FdL",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"①②","①④","②③","③④","B",null,[],"本題考點在於肝硬化併發肝性腦病變(hepatic encephalopathy)時的實驗室檢查判讀。肝硬化肝功能受損時會出現：①ALT\u002FAST 上升(肝細胞受損)與④血氨(ammonia)升高至 120(正常約 15–45 µg\u002FdL,氨無法代謝為尿素而堆積,導致意識混亂),兩者符合病情,故選 B。②albumin 4.0 gm\u002FdL 屬正常值,但肝硬化因合成不足應為「降低」,故不符;③prothrombin time 5 sec 遠短於正常(約 11–13 秒),肝硬化因凝血因子合成不足應為「延長」而非縮短,不符。因此正確組合為①④,選 B。","肝硬化的實驗室變化反映肝臟三大功能失常:合成功能↓(白蛋白降低致腹水、凝血因子不足致 PT 延長)、代謝解毒↓(血氨堆積致肝性腦病變)、肝細胞損傷(AST\u002FALT 上升,晚期可能因肝細胞大量壞死反而下降)。肝性腦病變即血氨無法經尿素循環清除、通過血腦障壁干擾神經傳導,出現意識混亂、撲翼樣震顫(asterixis)。記憶重點:肝硬化的 albumin 降、PT 延長、ammonia 升。本題以「白蛋白正常值」「PT 縮短」作陷阱,方向與病理相反即可排除。",[24,27,30,33,35],{"term":25,"count":26},"肝性腦病變",9,{"term":28,"count":29},"肝硬化",3,{"term":31,"count":32},"血氨升高",2,{"term":34,"count":10},"白蛋白降低",{"term":36,"count":10},"凝血酶原時間延長",[38,42,45,50,55,60],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-113-1-medical-surgical-007","承上題，關於陳先生的護理措施，下列何者正確？①限制水分與蛋白質的攝取 ②每天測量體重與腹圍，記錄輸出入量 ③給與利尿劑後，儘快補充Albumin ④使用Lactulose以減少細菌分解蛋白質所產生大量氨",7,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":29,"year":9,"session":29},"nurse-113-3-medical-surgical-003","墨菲氏徵象（Murphy’s sign）陽性是下列何種疾病的常見特徵？",{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":10},"nurse-114-1-medical-surgical-047","有關2020年美國心臟醫學會（American Heart Association, AHA）公告準則，啟動院內心臟停止（IHCA）生命之鏈（chain of survival）的次序，下列何者正確？①提供高品質心肺復甦        ②去顫   ③早期監測與預防    ④心臟驟停後照護    ⑤復原   ⑥啟動緊急應變系統",47,114,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":32},"nurse-115-2-medical-surgical-045","副甲狀腺切除術後易發生下列何種現象？",45,115,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":10},"nurse-107-1-medical-surgical-039","下列何種細胞的分裂速度最慢？",39,107,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":10},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-073","有關剛接受腦下垂體切除術後病人的護理措施，下列何者錯誤？",73,108,"2026-09-04",1788510750268]