[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-041":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-113-1-基礎醫學-041","nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-041",113,1,41,"下列何種構造通常是由多醣組成，對於幫助細菌抵抗免疫細胞的吞噬作用（phagocytosis）極為重要？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"莢膜（capsule）","鞭毛（flagellum）","線毛（pilus）","芽孢（spore）","A",null,[],"本題考點在於協助細菌抵抗吞噬作用的構造。依微生物學，莢膜（capsule）多由多醣組成，包覆於細菌外層，能阻礙免疫細胞辨識與吞噬，是重要的抗吞噬毒力因子，故選 A。B 鞭毛負責運動；C 線毛（pilus）與黏附及接合有關；D 芽孢是抵抗惡劣環境的休眠構造，皆非抗吞噬的主要結構，故錯。","莢膜是有莢膜菌（肺炎鏈球菌、腦膜炎雙球菌、克雷伯氏菌、B 型流感嗜血桿菌）的關鍵毒力因子，靠多醣的親水滑面躲避補體與吞噬；也是多醣結合疫苗的抗原標的。臨床可用莢膜膨脹試驗（Quellung）鑑定。記憶：多醣外衣＝莢膜＝抗吞噬＋疫苗標靶。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"莢膜",2,{"term":29,"count":11},"多醣",{"term":31,"count":11},"抗吞噬作用",{"term":33,"count":11},"細菌毒力因子",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-042","下列那個酵素主要負責B細胞的體細胞超突變（somatic hypermutation）？",42,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":43},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-038","進行女性不孕症治療療程中，下列何種藥物最適合促進卵巢濾泡成熟？",38,3,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":27},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-032","下列何者不屬於毒蕈鹼拮抗劑（muscarinic antagonist）的臨床適應症？",32,114,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-030","下列何者會降低氣體擴散穿過肺泡交換膜的能力？",30,106,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-074","回歸熱疏螺旋體（Borrelia recurrentis）在人體引發重覆性的發燒、好轉，主要的原因為何？",74,107,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":27},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-028","腎小球濾液與血漿的組成，主要差異為下列何者？",28,108,"2026-09-04",1788510749709]