[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-029":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-113-1-基礎醫學-029","nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-029",113,1,29,"進行性多灶性白質腦病（progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, PML）是一種髓鞘脫失（demyelination）的病變，臨床上常與免疫抑制有關。此病主要由何種病毒引起？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"HSV-1（herpes simplex virus-1）","VZV（varicella-zoster virus）","EBV（Epstein-Barr virus）","JC virus","D",null,[],"本題考點在於進行性多灶性白質腦病（PML）的致病病毒。依神經病理學，PML 由 JC virus（一種多瘤病毒 polyomavirus）再活化引起，好發於免疫抑制者（如愛滋病、使用 natalizumab），病毒攻擊寡突膠細胞導致脫髓鞘，故選 D。A HSV-1 引起腦炎（顳葉）、B VZV 引起帶狀疱疹與腦炎、C EBV 與淋巴瘤及單核球增多症相關，皆非 PML 病因，故錯。","JC virus 多數人幼年即感染潛伏於腎與淋巴組織，免疫正常時無症狀；免疫崩潰時再活化，感染中樞的寡突膠細胞（製造髓鞘者），造成多灶性白質脫髓鞘、進行性神經缺損且無明顯占位效應。診斷靠 MRI 白質病灶＋腦脊髓液 JC virus PCR。記憶：免疫抑制＋脫髓鞘＋JC＝PML。",[25,28,30,32,33],{"term":26,"count":27},"寡突膠細胞",2,{"term":29,"count":27},"免疫抑制",{"term":31,"count":11},"進行性多灶性白質腦病",{"term":18,"count":11},{"term":34,"count":11},"脫髓鞘",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-030","侏儒症中最常見的原因是軟骨發育不全（achondroplasia），而軟骨發育不全為體染色體顯性遺傳疾病。約 90%的病人與下列那一個基因突變有關？",30,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":10,"session":44},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-026","血液中何種白血球增多與過敏性疾病（allergic diseases）最相關？",26,3,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":27},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-020","下列那一種刺激會引起最多的唾液分泌？",20,114,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-018","有關腦部代謝之敘述，下列何者正確？",18,106,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-062","有關 gonadotropins 的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",62,107,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":27},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-016","下列對於滑車神經（trochlear nerve）的敘述，何者錯誤？",16,108,"2026-09-04",1788510749608]