[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-025":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-113-1-基礎醫學-025","nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-025",113,1,25,"社區性肺炎（community-acquired pneumonia）指的是患者在日常生活環境中所得到的感染，而非在醫院中的感染。引起典型社區性肺炎最常見的致病菌為何？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"金黃色葡萄球菌（    Staphylococcus aureus）","肺炎鏈球菌（Streptococcus pneumoniae）","流行感冒嗜血桿菌（Haemophilus influenzae）","黴漿菌（Mycoplasma pneumoniae）","B",null,[],"本題考點在於典型社區性肺炎（CAP）最常見的致病菌。依流行病學統計，成人社區性肺炎第一位病原體為肺炎鏈球菌（Streptococcus pneumoniae），為革蘭氏陽性雙球菌、具莢膜，臨床表現為突發高燒、生鏽色痰與大葉性實質化，屬「典型」肺炎的代表，故選 B。A 金黃色葡萄球菌多見於流感後或院內感染，非最常見；C 流感嗜血桿菌好發於慢性肺病或幼兒，居次；D 黴漿菌屬「非典型」肺炎，多見於年輕族群、症狀較緩，與題目強調的「典型」不符。","典型 vs 非典型是 CAP 的核心分類：典型（肺炎鏈球菌、流感嗜血桿菌）呈大葉性實質化、痰培養可見菌，對 β-lactam 有效；非典型（黴漿菌、披衣菌、退伍軍人桿菌）無細胞壁或胞內生長，胸片呈間質浸潤、痰少，需用巨環類或四環黴素。肺炎鏈球菌的莢膜是致病與疫苗（PCV13、PPSV23）標的，記憶點：CAP 首位永遠先想到 pneumococcus。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"肺炎鏈球菌",2,{"term":29,"count":27},"莢膜",{"term":31,"count":11},"社區性肺炎",{"term":33,"count":11},"典型與非典型肺炎",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-026","缺鐵性貧血（iron deficiency anemia）的紅血球，其形態有何特徵？",26,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":43},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-022","下列何者不是造成血漿滲透壓下降的原因？",22,3,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":27},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-016","下列何者可將睪固酮轉換為動情二醇（17β-estradiol）？",16,114,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-014","下列那一構造發生腫瘤時，經常會壓迫到顏面神經？",14,106,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-058","下列關於利尿劑的敘述，何者錯誤？",58,107,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":27},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-012","下列那一段腎小管（renal tubule）的管壁細胞最為扁平？",12,108,"2026-09-04",1788510749574]