[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":67},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-3-medical-surgical-020":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":36,"lastmod":66},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-112-3-內外科護理學-020","nurse-112-3-medical-surgical-020",112,3,20,"有關心臟衰竭病人的照護，下列何者正確？①採高坐臥姿勢可以減少心臟後負荷 ②限水限鹽分的攝取是為了減少前負荷 ③使用動脈血管擴張劑可以降低周邊血管阻力及後負荷 ④使用嗎啡可以改善呼吸喘但無法減輕心臟負荷",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"①③","①④","②③","②④","C",null,[],"本題考點在於心臟衰竭減輕前後負荷的照護原理。依心衰照護機轉，限制水分與鹽分攝取可減少體液容積、降低靜脈回流即減少前負荷（敘述②正確）；使用動脈血管擴張劑降低周邊血管阻力，即減輕心臟後負荷（敘述③正確），故選 C（②③）。判斷關鍵是「限水鹽減前負荷、擴動脈減後負荷」。敘述①錯誤，高坐臥姿主要減少靜脈回流即減前負荷，而非直接減後負荷。敘述④錯誤，嗎啡能擴張血管、減少前負荷並緩解焦慮與呼吸困難，確實可減輕心臟負荷，故其「無法減輕負荷」敘述錯誤。","心衰治療環繞前負荷與後負荷兩把手：前負荷＝回心血量，靠限水限鹽、利尿劑、靜脈擴張劑（如 nitroglycerin）與高坐臥姿降低；後負荷＝心室射血須克服的阻力，靠動脈擴張劑與 ACEI\u002FARB 降低。嗎啡在急性肺水腫中兼具擴張靜脈（降前負荷）、鎮靜減焦慮與降低耗氧的多重效益。記憶時可對比：靜脈端動作管前負荷、動脈端動作管後負荷。",[24,27,29,31,34],{"term":25,"count":26},"心臟衰竭",7,{"term":28,"count":26},"前負荷",{"term":30,"count":10},"後負荷",{"term":32,"count":33},"動脈血管擴張劑",1,{"term":35,"count":33},"嗎啡作用",[37,41,47,52,57,61],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-112-3-medical-surgical-021","有關生物性心瓣膜特性的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",21,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":46},"nurse-113-2-medical-surgical-017","有關心包填塞之臨床表徵，下列何者錯誤？",17,113,2,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":33},"nurse-114-1-medical-surgical-011","有關痛風性關節炎護理指導之敘述，下列何者正確？",11,114,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":46},"nurse-115-2-medical-surgical-009","下列何者為十二指腸潰瘍病人最常見之主訴？①「吃了東西之後痛得更厲害。」 ②「疼痛很少發生在半夜。」 ③「吃了東西後，疼痛就改善多了！」 ④「半夜常常因為痛而醒來。」",9,115,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":10,"year":60,"session":33},"nurse-107-1-medical-surgical-003","姚先生被車子碾過造成 T12，L1～L3 脊髓損傷，到達急診後出現脊髓休克，下列敘述何者錯誤？",107,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":64,"year":65,"session":33},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-037","有關癌細胞特性之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",37,108,"2026-09-04",1788510744946]