[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":67},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-3-medical-surgical-010":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":36,"lastmod":66},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-112-3-內外科護理學-010","nurse-112-3-medical-surgical-010",112,3,10,"常見肝硬化形成腹水的原因，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"左心衰竭導致液體滯留","血漿白蛋白不足導致血管靜水壓（hydrostatic pressure）上升","醛固酮作用亢進（hyperaldosteronism）導致鈉及水滯留增加","門脈高壓導致血漿膠質滲透壓（colloid osmotic pressure）上升","C",null,[],"本題考點在於肝硬化腹水形成的病生理機轉。依肝硬化腹水機轉，肝功能受損導致有效循環血量下降，進而活化腎素-血管收縮素-醛固酮系統，出現繼發性醛固酮作用亢進，造成鈉與水滯留增加而加重腹水，故選 C。判斷關鍵是醛固酮亢進導致鈉水滯留。A 錯誤，肝硬化腹水主因是門脈高壓與低白蛋白，非左心衰竭。B 錯誤，血漿白蛋白不足降低的是血漿膠質滲透壓（非靜水壓上升）。D 錯誤，門脈高壓升高的是門脈系統靜水壓，且低白蛋白使膠質滲透壓下降而非上升。","肝硬化腹水是多重機轉交織：門脈高壓升高微血管靜水壓，把液體推入腹腔；肝臟合成白蛋白減少使血漿膠質滲透壓下降，留不住血管內水分；有效循環血量下降活化 RAAS 系統與抗利尿激素，造成續發性醛固酮亢進、鈉水滯留形成惡性循環。治療因此採限鈉、利尿劑（尤其醛固酮拮抗劑 spironolactone）並補充白蛋白，正對應這三條機轉。",[24,27,29,32,34],{"term":25,"count":26},"門脈高壓",5,{"term":28,"count":10},"肝硬化腹水",{"term":30,"count":31},"醛固酮作用亢進",1,{"term":33,"count":31},"血漿膠質滲透壓",{"term":35,"count":31},"RAAS 系統",[37,41,47,51,56,61],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-112-3-medical-surgical-011","有關急性胰臟炎的處置，下列敘述何者最不適當？",11,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":46},"nurse-113-2-medical-surgical-007","有關胃癌的敘述，下列何者正確？",7,113,2,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":31,"year":50,"session":31},"nurse-114-1-medical-surgical-001","有關巴金森氏症病人服用抗膽鹼激性製劑trihexyphenudyl（Artane ®）之敘述，下列何者正確？",114,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":31},"nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-049","有關病人誤食強鹼溶液之處置，下列何者錯誤？",49,115,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":46},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-073","有關診斷敗血症之檢驗項目，下列何者錯誤？",73,106,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":64,"year":65,"session":31},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-027","有關心律不整藥物之敘述，下列何者正確？",27,108,"2026-09-04",1788510744844]