[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-3-maternal-pediatric-038":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"產兒科護理學","maternal-pediatric",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-112-3-產兒科護理學-038","nurse-112-3-maternal-pediatric-038",112,3,38,"有關氣喘（asthma）之病因及病理變化，下列敘述何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"呼吸道受刺激造成黏膜水腫導致呼吸困難是因為平滑肌擴張所致","誘發因子引發呼吸道狹窄、呼吸困難、缺氧，產生呼吸性酸中毒","呼吸道阻塞使吸氣時間延長而形成吸氣哮鳴音（stridor）","嚴重發作時呈現臉色潮紅、呼吸次數增快、心跳次數減緩","B",null,[],"本題考點在於氣喘的病理生理變化。氣喘核心是慢性呼吸道發炎導致支氣管平滑肌收縮（痙攣）、黏膜水腫及黏液增加，使呼吸道狹窄、氣流受阻而缺氧，通氣不足時二氧化碳滯留可造成呼吸性酸中毒，故 B 正確。A 錯在把黏膜水腫的呼吸困難歸因於平滑肌「擴張」，實際是平滑肌「收縮」；C 錯在氣喘阻塞在下呼吸道、以「呼氣」延長與呼氣性哮喘鳴（wheezing）為主，吸氣哮鳴音（stridor）屬上呼吸道阻塞（如哮吼）；D 錯在嚴重發作應為呼吸與心跳「增快」、缺氧發紺而非臉色潮紅、心跳減緩，故選 B。","病生理三部曲：支氣管痙攣、黏膜水腫、黏液栓塞，共同造成阻塞性通氣障礙。早期過度換氣可出現呼吸性鹼中毒，惡化後 CO₂ 滯留轉為呼吸性酸中毒，是病況惡化的警訊。對比記憶：wheezing（呼氣性、下呼吸道）vs stridor（吸氣性、上呼吸道）。治療以支氣管擴張劑（β₂ agonist）加吸入型類固醇控制發炎。",[24,27,30,33],{"term":25,"count":26},"呼吸性酸中毒",6,{"term":28,"count":29},"氣喘病理生理",2,{"term":31,"count":32},"支氣管平滑肌收縮",1,{"term":34,"count":32},"wheezing 與 stridor 區別",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-112-3-maternal-pediatric-039","有關罹患急性會厭炎（acute epiglottitis）病童的臨床表徵，下列何者錯誤？",39,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":29},"nurse-113-2-maternal-pediatric-035","有關病童死亡時，支持其家人哀傷的護理措施，下列敘述何者較為適當？",35,113,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":32},"nurse-114-1-maternal-pediatric-029","10個月大新生兒進行身體檢查仍會有的反射項目，下列何者最為正確？",29,114,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":29},"nurse-115-2-maternal-pediatric-027","有關兒童誤食毒物的處理，下列何者最不適當？",27,115,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":32},"nurse-107-1-maternal-pediatric-021","楊女士剖腹產後第二天開始進食，主訴腹脹不舒服，下列措施何者不恰當？",21,107,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":32},"nurse-108-1-maternal-pediatric-055","有關嬰兒的心肺復甦術，下列何者正確？",55,108,"2026-09-04",1788510745585]