[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-021":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-112-3-基礎醫學-021","nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-021",112,3,21,"下列何者，最容易出現細胞中脂褐質（lipofuscin）的沉積？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"萎縮的心肌細胞","增生的脂肪細胞","肥大的肌肉細胞","動脈粥狀硬化斑塊中的泡沫細胞","A",null,[],"本題考點在於脂褐質（lipofuscin）沉積的好發細胞。依病理學，脂褐質是細胞內脂質過氧化與自噬殘餘物累積形成的黃棕色色素，又稱「老化色素」，好發於不再分裂、代謝旺盛且長壽的細胞，並在萎縮與老化時更明顯，故最易見於 A 萎縮的心肌細胞（老化心臟的褐色萎縮即典型）。B 增生的脂肪細胞累積的是三酸甘油酯，非脂褐質。C 肥大的肌肉細胞以蛋白合成增加為主，非色素沉積。D 動脈粥狀硬化斑塊中的泡沫細胞充滿的是氧化低密度脂蛋白膽固醇，非脂褐質。故答案為萎縮心肌細胞。","脂褐質是「用久了的耗損印記」：長壽且無法分裂稀釋殘渣的細胞（心肌、神經元、肝細胞）最易累積，隨年齡增加而沉積，臨床上老化萎縮的心臟呈褐色即「褐色萎縮（brown atrophy）」。它本身無害，是細胞老化與慢性耗損的標記。記法：lipofuscin＝細胞的「老人斑」，堆在不分裂又活得久的心肌與神經細胞裡，萎縮時最顯眼。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"脂褐質",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"褐色萎縮",{"term":31,"count":27},"細胞老化",{"term":33,"count":27},"心肌細胞",[35,39,45,50,55,60],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-022","下列何者不是下肢深部靜脈血栓（deep venous thrombosis）常引起的臨床表現？",22,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":44},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-018","抗利尿激素（antidiuretic hormone）最能增加下列何處對水分的再吸收（reabsorption）？",18,113,2,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":27},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-012","關於腦下垂體（pituitary gland）的描述，下列何者錯誤？",12,114,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":44},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-010","當肱骨骨折使手腕無法伸展，導致垂腕，最可能是傷到何神經？",10,115,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":27},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-004","上頜骨不參與形成下列那個腔室？",4,107,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":27},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-038","下列有關乳癌的敘述何者錯誤？",38,108,"2026-09-04",1788510744053]