[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-014":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-112-3-基礎醫學-014","nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-014",112,3,14,"下列何者與行為動機（motivation）和獎賞（reward）路徑最為相關？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"histamine","acetylcholine","dopamine","glutamate","C",null,[],"本題考點在於動機與獎賞路徑的神經傳導物質。依神經藥理，中腦邊緣多巴胺系統（mesolimbic dopamine pathway，由腹側被蓋區投射到伏隔核）是行為動機與獎賞的核心迴路，故與獎賞最相關者為 C dopamine。A histamine 主司清醒維持與過敏反應。B acetylcholine 涉及骨骼肌收縮、副交感作用與學習記憶。D glutamate 是主要的興奮性傳導物質，作用廣泛但非獎賞路徑的專屬。多巴胺才是驅動追求獎賞、產生愉悅與動機的關鍵，也是成癮機轉的核心。","獎賞迴路的主角是多巴胺：幾乎所有成癮物質（尼古丁、酒精、安非他命、鴉片類）最終都提高伏隔核的多巴胺釋放，強化「想再做一次」的動機。此路徑亦與帕金森氏症（黑質多巴胺不足致運動障礙）和思覺失調症（多巴胺過度活化的陽性症狀）相關。記法：dopamine＝「多爽胺」，管的是動機、獎賞與成癮的快感訊號。",[25,27,30,32],{"term":26,"count":11},"多巴胺",{"term":28,"count":29},"中腦邊緣路徑",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"獎賞迴路",{"term":33,"count":29},"動機",[35,39,45,50,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-015","下列何者為副交感（parasympathetic）神經興奮所引起之反應？",15,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":44},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-011","骨骼肌收縮所需要的鈣離子主要來自下列何種胞器？",11,113,2,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":29},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-005","在人類胚胎期，下列何種激素最可能直接刺激外生殖構造發育為男性？",5,114,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":11,"year":53,"session":44},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-003","下列髖骨區域，何者最粗壯且足以承接坐姿時之體重？",115,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":44},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-077","實驗室診斷病毒感染的其中一個方法是利用細胞培養方式。下列何種病毒會在患者腦部出現所謂的 Negri 小體（Negri body）？",77,106,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":29},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-031","關於碳水化合物消化和吸收的敘述，下列何者正確？",31,108,"2026-09-04",1788510743995]