[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-013":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-112-3-基礎醫學-013","nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-013",112,3,13,"下列腦區何者未參與調節意識（consciousness）的清醒或睡眠狀態？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"視丘（thalamus）","皮質（cortex）","枕葉（occipital lobe）","腦幹（brain stem）","C",null,[],"本題考點在於調節意識清醒與睡眠的腦區。依神經生理，維持清醒與睡眠週期的核心是腦幹的網狀活化系統（RAS），向上經視丘中繼、再投射到大腦皮質廣泛喚醒。本題為反向題，未參與者為 C 枕葉：枕葉主司視覺處理，與意識喚醒無直接關係。A 視丘是感覺與喚醒訊號的中繼站，喚醒皮質不可或缺。B 皮質是意識內容與覺知的產生處。D 腦幹含網狀活化系統，是清醒的發動核心。三者皆參與意識調節，唯枕葉專責視覺，故選 C。","清醒的解剖迴路可記為「腦幹網狀活化系統→視丘→大腦皮質」這條上行喚醒通路，任一環節受損都可能導致意識障礙甚至昏迷（如腦幹出血、雙側視丘梗塞）。枕葉損傷只造成視覺缺損（如皮質盲），患者意識仍清醒。記法：意識靠「腦幹點火、視丘轉播、皮質呈現」，枕葉只負責看東西，不管醒不醒。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"網狀活化系統",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"視丘",{"term":31,"count":27},"大腦皮質",{"term":33,"count":27},"意識調節",[35,39,45,50,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-014","下列何者與行為動機（motivation）和獎賞（reward）路徑最為相關？",14,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":44},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-010","傳導相鄰細胞間神經訊息的電性突觸是下列何種結構？",10,113,2,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":27},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-004","下列有關褪黑激素（melatonin）的敘述，何者錯誤？",4,114,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":44,"year":53,"session":44},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-002","有關真皮（dermis）的敘述，下列何者正確？",115,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":44},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-076","臺灣每年夏天常有登革熱的區域流行，對於登革熱病毒（dengue virus）的特性，下列敘述何者錯誤？",76,106,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":27},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-030","下列何者與第一心音的產生有關？",30,108,"2026-09-04",1788510743982]