[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-2-psychiatric-community-050":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-112-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-050","nurse-112-2-psychiatric-community-050",112,2,50,"關於個案對照研究法（case-control study）何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"研究一開始已有個案","適合用來探討非罕見疾病","對照組應採隨機取樣","可獲得疾病的發生率","A",null,[],"本題考點是個案對照研究法（case-control study）的特性，正確者為 A。個案對照研究是回溯性設計，研究一開始即依「是否罹病」分為個案組（已有疾病）與對照組，再回溯比較兩組過去的暴露史，故 A「研究一開始已有個案」正確為正解。B 錯，個案對照研究特別適合探討罕見疾病，因罕見病用世代研究須追蹤龐大人口耗時費力。C 錯，對照組應與個案組在重要條件上配對（matching），而非隨機取樣。D 錯，因研究者自行選定個案與對照組人數比例，無法反映真實族群，故不能直接計算疾病發生率（僅能算勝算比 OR）。考點在於辨識個案對照研究「先有個案、回溯暴露、適合罕見病、只能求 OR」的特性。","個案對照研究由「果」回推「因」（已知有病與否，回溯暴露），優點是省時省錢、適合罕見病與潛伏期長的疾病，缺點是易有回憶偏差與選擇偏差，且無法直接估發生率與相對危險性，只能以勝算比（odds ratio）近似。相對地，世代研究由因追果、可算發生率與相對危險性。記憶口訣：個案對照＝先分病不病、回頭找暴露、算 OR。可延伸連結世代研究對比、勝算比與各類偏差控制。",[24,26,29,31],{"term":25,"count":10},"勝算比 OR",{"term":27,"count":28},"個案對照研究 case-control study",1,{"term":30,"count":28},"回溯性設計",{"term":32,"count":28},"適合罕見疾病",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-psychiatric-community-051","有關社區健康評估方法之敘述，下列何者較不適當？",51,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":28},"nurse-113-1-psychiatric-community-017","有關物質使用障礙症成因之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",17,113,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":47},"nurse-113-3-psychiatric-community-011","有關妄想症狀的護理措施，下列敘述何者最適切？",11,3,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":28},"nurse-115-1-psychiatric-community-009","有關思覺失調症病因之描述，下列何項正確？①負性症狀主要與多巴胺活動量過高有關                  ②父母為高情緒表達且互動僵化      ③其發病與遺傳因素有相關           ④病人的自我（ego）功能異常",9,115,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-psychiatric-community-033","有關自殺的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",33,106,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-psychiatric-community-067","社區衛生護理師扮演的代言人（advocate）角色，下列敘述何者最適當？",67,107,"2026-09-04",1788510749088]