[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-056":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":32,"lastmod":62},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-112-2-內外科護理學-056","nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-056",112,2,56,"下列何者是誘發病人發生急性呼吸窘迫症候群（ARDS）最常見的危險因子？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"敗血性休克","慢性阻塞性肺疾病","氣喘","心衰竭","A",null,[],"本題考點為急性呼吸窘迫症候群（ARDS）的最常見危險因子。考點在於 ARDS 的誘發原因分直接（肺部）與間接（全身）肺損傷，而其中以敗血症（尤其敗血性休克）為最常見的誘因，因全身性發炎反應導致肺微血管通透性大增、肺泡浸潤，故正解為 A。B 慢性阻塞性肺病與 C 氣喘屬慢性氣道疾病，非 ARDS 主要誘因；D 心衰竭造成的是心因性肺水腫（靜水壓性），與 ARDS 的通透性肺水腫機轉不同，故選 A。","ARDS 核心病理為瀰漫性肺泡損傷，發炎細胞與介質使肺微血管通透性增加，蛋白質豐富的液體滲入肺泡（非心因性肺水腫，PAWP≤18 mmHg），造成頑固性低血氧、肺順應性下降與雙側浸潤。誘因中敗血症最常見且死亡率高，其他包括吸入性肺炎、嚴重外傷、大量輸血、胰臟炎等。與心因性肺水腫的鑑別關鍵在 PAWP 與心功能。記憶『ARDS 找敗血、通透性水腫、PAWP 不高、頑固低血氧』，可與心衰竭肺水腫的高 PAWP 對比。",[24,26,27,30],{"term":25,"count":10},"急性呼吸窘迫症候群ARDS",{"term":14,"count":10},{"term":28,"count":29},"通透性肺水腫",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"與心因性肺水腫鑑別",[33,37,42,47,52,57],{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-057","有關單側自發性氣胸病人之身體檢查評估結果，下列何者錯誤？",57,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":41,"session":29},"nurse-113-1-medical-surgical-023","李先生45歲，日前因頸部右側不對稱腫塊到醫院求診，經淋巴切片檢查診斷為何杰金氏症，下列何者不是此病常見的症狀？",23,113,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":41,"session":46},"nurse-113-3-medical-surgical-017","一位 74 歲男性，因胸痛數次到醫院檢查，檢驗報告 LDH1\u002FLDH2＞1；CK-MB 460 U\u002FL；Troponin I 15.0 ng\u002FmL； K + 3.0 mEq\u002FdL，有關其檢驗報告的判讀，下列何者正確？",17,3,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":29},"nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-015","有關病人使用青光眼用藥Timolol的護理指導，下列何者錯誤？",15,115,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-039","下列那種檢查是協助確定癌症診斷最有效的方法？",39,106,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-073","有關康氏症候群（Conn’s syndrome）之臨床表徵，下列何者正確？",73,107,"2026-09-04",1788510747769]