[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-039":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-112-2-內外科護理學-039","nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-039",112,2,39,"有關化學藥物 cyclophosphamide（Cytoxan）的副作用或毒性，不包括下列何者？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"出血性膀胱炎","骨髓抑制","心臟毒性","畏光","D",null,[],"本題考點為化療藥 cyclophosphamide（Cytoxan）的副作用辨識，屬找出「不包括」的反向題。依其藥理，cyclophosphamide 屬烷化劑，代謝產物 acrolein 會刺激膀胱黏膜造成出血性膀胱炎（A），且對骨髓具抑制作用（B）；高劑量時亦有心臟毒性（C），故此三者皆為其已知毒性。錯誤敘述為 D：畏光（photophobia）並非 cyclophosphamide 的典型副作用，故選 D。畏光較常見於其他藥物或眼部病變，與此烷化劑機轉無關。","Cyclophosphamide 經肝臟活化後產生的丙烯醛（acrolein）會蓄積於膀胱造成出血性膀胱炎，臨床上以大量水分攝取、頻繁排空膀胱及使用 mesna（可與 acrolein 結合解毒）來預防，此為國考高頻考點。烷化劑共通毒性為骨髓抑制。心臟毒性多見於高劑量方案。相對地，畏光陷阱常被拿來混淆。記憶重點：『環磷醯胺看膀胱、多喝水加 mesna』，把出血性膀胱炎與 mesna 綁在一起最不易失分。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"cyclophosphamide",1,{"term":28,"count":26},"出血性膀胱炎與acrolein",{"term":30,"count":26},"mesna",{"term":32,"count":26},"烷化劑骨髓抑制",[34,38,43,47,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-040","王先生因疲倦、蒼白、呼吸困難至醫院求治，檢查發現白血球數值為 30 萬／μL，骨髓檢查發現費城染色體，最有可能罹患下列何種疾病？",40,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":26},"nurse-113-1-medical-surgical-006","陳先生因肝硬化、嚴重腹水，出現呼吸急促、意識混亂的情形，由家人送往醫院接受治療，於實驗室檢查中，可能出現下列何種結果？①ALT：80 U\u002FL、AST：55 U\u002FL ②albumin 4.0 gm\u002FdL ③prothrombin time 5 sec ④ammonia 120 mg\u002FdL",6,113,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":10},"nurse-113-2-medical-surgical-050","有關臘腸桿菌（Clostridium botulinum）中毒的預防、症狀與治療之敘述，下列何者正確？",50,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":52},"nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-048","嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎（COVID-19）病人之呼吸照護，下列敘述何者最適當？",48,114,3,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-022","有關美尼爾氏症之敘述，下列何者正確？",22,106,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-056","以鼻套管 4 L\u002Fmin 所提供的氧氣濃度約為何？",56,107,"2026-09-04",1788510747606]