[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-033":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":62},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-112-2-內外科護理學-033","nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-033",112,2,33,"有關急性移植物對抗宿主疾病（Graft-versus-host-Disease, GVHD）之敘述，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"通常發生在移植後六個月","全身器官皆會侵犯","不會有發炎反應","大多是表皮組織受到破壞","D",null,[],"本題考點是急性移植物對抗宿主疾病（GVHD）的臨床特徵，正解為 D。依 GVHD 的免疫機轉，異體造血幹細胞移植後，移植物中的供者 T 淋巴球辨識宿主組織為外來抗原並發動攻擊，急性 GVHD 主要侵犯三大標的器官：皮膚（最常見且最早，表現皮疹）、肝臟（膽紅素上升）與腸胃道（腹瀉），故「大多是表皮組織受到破壞」符合皮膚為最常見受侵器官的特徵，D 正確。A 敘述錯誤，急性 GVHD 通常發生於移植後「100 天內」（多在數週內），非六個月；B 敘述錯誤，急性期主要侵犯皮膚、肝、腸胃道三器官，而非「全身器官皆會」；C 敘述錯誤，GVHD 本質即為強烈的免疫發炎反應，怎會「不會有發炎反應」，故僅 D 正確。","GVHD 是異體移植特有的併發症，核心是「供者的免疫細胞攻擊受者」，方向與器官移植排斥（宿主攻擊移植物）相反。急性 GVHD（傳統定義移植後 100 天內）三大標的：皮膚（斑丘疹、可至表皮剝離）、肝（膽汁鬱積、黃疸）、腸胃道（大量水瀉、腹痛）。慢性 GVHD（100 天後）則類似自體免疫疾病，可累及皮膚硬化、口乾眼乾、肺與肝等多器官。預防與治療以免疫抑制劑（如 cyclosporine、methotrexate、類固醇）為主，並在移植前做人類白血球抗原（HLA）配對降低風險。記憶重點：急性 GVHD＝「皮、肝、腸」＋「100 天內」＋「供者 T 細胞攻擊宿主」，即可對照各選項判定。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"移植物對抗宿主疾病(GVHD)",1,{"term":28,"count":26},"供者T淋巴球",{"term":30,"count":26},"皮膚肝臟腸胃道受侵",{"term":32,"count":26},"移植後100天內",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-034","張小姐，42 歲，診斷為乳癌第二期，日前進行癌症治療，有關腫瘤標記之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",34,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":9,"session":42},"nurse-112-3-medical-surgical-050","根據 2020 年美國心臟醫學會（AHA）公告的「生存之鏈（chain of survival）」急救步驟，發生於醫院內心臟停止的照護（in hospital cardiac arrest, IHCA），其急救重點次序，下列何者正確？①即早辨識和預防 ②緊急應變系統啟動 ③施行高品質 CPR ④去顫 ⑤心臟停止後照護 ⑥復原",50,3,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":10},"nurse-113-2-medical-surgical-044","有關尿崩症臨床表徵之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",44,113,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":42},"nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-042","有關副甲狀腺功能低下病人之處置，下列敘述何者最不適當？",42,114,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-016","有關腸阻塞的敘述，下列何者正確？",16,106,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":41,"year":61,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-050","有關愛滋病防治之敘述，下列何者正確？",107,"2026-09-04",1788510747539]