[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-031":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-112-2-內外科護理學-031","nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-031",112,2,31,"有關風濕熱與風濕性心臟病之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"好發於 65 歲以上女性病人","主要臨床症狀為心肌炎","最常侵犯二尖瓣","紅血球沉降速率增加","A",null,[],"本題考點是風濕熱與風濕性心臟病的流行病學與病理特徵，錯誤敘述為 A。依風濕熱的病因，它是 A 群 β 溶血性鏈球菌咽喉感染後引發的自體免疫反應，好發於「兒童與青少年（約 5–15 歲）」而非 65 歲以上女性，故 A 敘述錯誤而為答案。B 主要臨床侵犯為全心炎（尤其心肌炎、心內膜炎），是最嚴重且影響預後的表現，正確；C 瓣膜受損最常侵犯「二尖瓣」（其次主動脈瓣），造成日後的風濕性瓣膜疾病，正確；D 紅血球沉降速率（ESR）與 C-反應蛋白等發炎指標上升，反映急性發炎活動，正確。","風濕熱的機轉是「分子模擬（molecular mimicry）」——鏈球菌抗原與人體心臟、關節等組織相似，感染後產生的抗體交叉攻擊自身組織，屬第二型過敏反應。診斷用 Jones 準則，主要條件記憶口訣「心臟炎、多發性關節炎、舞蹈症（Sydenham chorea）、環狀紅斑、皮下結節」。好發於學齡兒童與青少年，與鏈球菌咽喉炎流行相關。心臟侵犯最具長期意義——急性期為心肌炎，反覆發作後導致慢性瓣膜疾病，最常見二尖瓣狹窄／閉鎖不全。治療與預防：足療程抗生素清除鏈球菌、抗發炎，並長期預防性抗生素以防復發。A 的年齡與性別描述完全悖離其兒童好發特性，是明顯破綻。",[24,27,30,32],{"term":25,"count":26},"風濕熱",4,{"term":28,"count":29},"A群β溶血性鏈球菌",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"二尖瓣受侵犯",{"term":33,"count":29},"兒童青少年好發",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-032","有關靜脈曲張之護理指導，下列敘述何者正確？",32,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":9,"session":43},"nurse-112-3-medical-surgical-048","有關自動體外心臟電擊去顫器（AED）的操作敘述，下列何者錯誤？",48,3,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":10},"nurse-113-2-medical-surgical-042","有關腎上腺皮質功能低下症之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",42,113,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":43},"nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-040","有關高血鈣及其照護，下列敘述何者最適當？",40,114,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-014","有關罹患膽結石的高風險族群，下列何者錯誤？",14,106,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":42,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-048","有關大面積重度燒傷初期（48 小時內）對於腎臟系統的影響，下列何者錯誤？",107,"2026-09-04",1788510747531]