[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-030":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":62},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-112-2-內外科護理學-030","nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-030",112,2,30,"有關血管產生動脈粥狀硬化（atherosclerosis）的病理機轉，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"血管內皮細胞損傷","血小板凝集增加、血塊凝集","交感神經受刺激分泌兒茶酚胺","周邊血管擴張心肌供氧增加","D",null,[],"本題考點是動脈粥狀硬化（atherosclerosis）的病理機轉，錯誤敘述為 D。依動脈粥狀硬化的形成過程，起始於血管內皮細胞損傷，接著脂質（尤其 LDL）沉積、發炎細胞浸潤、平滑肌增生與血小板凝集，逐漸形成斑塊使管腔狹窄、供血減少：A 血管內皮損傷是起始步驟，正確；B 血小板在受損內皮處凝集、促成血栓，正確；C 交感神經受刺激分泌兒茶酚胺會升高血壓、增加血管壁壓力而促進病程，正確。D 敘述錯誤：動脈粥狀硬化造成的是管腔「狹窄、周邊血管阻力上升、心肌供氧減少」，而非「周邊血管擴張、心肌供氧增加」，方向完全相反，故為答案。","動脈粥狀硬化是漸進性發炎與脂質沉積過程，可拆解為：內皮損傷（高血壓、抽菸、高血糖、氧化壓力等造成）→LDL 進入內膜被氧化→單核球進入吞噬形成泡沫細胞→脂肪紋→平滑肌細胞遷移增生與纖維帽形成→成熟斑塊，斑塊使管腔狹窄、易破裂觸發血栓。結果是供血組織缺血：冠狀動脈受累致心絞痛、心肌梗塞；腦動脈致中風；周邊動脈致間歇性跛行。D 的錯誤在於把「病理結果」寫反——粥狀硬化只會讓血管變窄、供氧變少，絕不會擴張血管、增加供氧。危險因子控制（血壓、血脂、血糖、戒菸）是預防核心。",[24,26,29,31],{"term":25,"count":10},"動脈粥狀硬化",{"term":27,"count":28},"血管內皮損傷",1,{"term":30,"count":28},"斑塊致管腔狹窄",{"term":32,"count":28},"心肌供氧減少",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-031","有關風濕熱與風濕性心臟病之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",31,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":9,"session":42},"nurse-112-3-medical-surgical-047","有關甲狀腺功能亢進病人的飲食指導，下列何者不適當？",47,3,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":10},"nurse-113-2-medical-surgical-041","同時會出現在腎病症候群與急性腎絲球腎炎之臨床表徵，下列何者正確？①水腫 ②高血脂 ③蛋白尿 ④血尿",41,113,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":42},"nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-039","有關急性腎盂腎炎之照護，下列敘述何者最適當？①紅血球沉降速率（ESR）數值會升高 ②症狀為無尿及貧血 ③鼓勵病人多攝取酸灰性食物如乾梅或蔓越莓 ④鼓勵病人每 4 小時排尿一次",39,114,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-013","分泌胃酸之部位，下列何者正確？",13,106,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":41,"year":61,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-047","有關不同燒傷深度的傷口癒合情形之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",107,"2026-09-04",1788510747527]