[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-026":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":62},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":25},"nurse-112-2-內外科護理學-026","nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-026",112,2,26,"有關心肌病變臨床表徵之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"心律不整","心搏過速","端坐呼吸","心輸出量增加","D",null,[],"本題考點是心肌病變（cardiomyopathy）的臨床表徵，錯誤敘述為 D。依心肌病變的病生理，無論擴張型、肥厚型或限制型，共同結果都是心肌收縮或充填功能受損，導致心輸出量「下降」而非增加，故 D「心輸出量增加」敘述錯誤而為答案。A 心律不整因心肌結構異常影響電傳導而常見，正確；B 心搏過速是心輸出量不足時的代償反應（維持組織灌流），正確；C 端坐呼吸（orthopnea）源自心臟衰竭時平躺回心血量增加、肺鬱血加重，病人需坐起呼吸，正確，故三者皆為心肌病變合併心衰竭的表現，唯 D 與心衰竭致心輸出量下降的核心相反。","心肌病變分三型：擴張型（心室擴大、收縮力下降，最常見，屬收縮性心衰竭）、肥厚型（心肌肥厚、心室僵硬且流出道可能阻塞，常見於年輕人猝死）、限制型（心肌僵硬、充填受限）。三者殊途同歸使心臟「打不出去或裝不進來」，心輸出量下降，觸發代償：交感神經興奮致心搏過速、腎素-血管收縮素-醛固酮系統活化致鈉水滯留，最終出現心衰竭症狀——端坐呼吸、陣發性夜間呼吸困難、肺鬱血、周邊水腫、易疲倦。心肌結構異常也易生心律不整。理解「心輸出量下降是核心，其餘皆為代償或後果」，即可辨識 D 的方向錯誤。",[24,26,28,31],{"term":16,"count":25},7,{"term":27,"count":10},"心輸出量下降",{"term":29,"count":30},"心肌病變",1,{"term":32,"count":30},"心臟衰竭代償",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-027","有關第一期心臟復健，下列敘述何者錯誤？",27,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":9,"session":42},"nurse-112-3-medical-surgical-043","有關庫欣氏症候群症狀的病理機轉，下列何者錯誤？",43,3,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":10},"nurse-113-2-medical-surgical-037","有關良性前列腺肥大症狀與導因之敘述，下列何者正確？",37,113,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":42},"nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-035","有關肺心症病人呼吸道清除功能失效問題之護理處置，下列敘述何者最不適當？",35,114,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-009","有關肝硬化病人會出現手掌紅斑之原因，下列何者正確？",9,106,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":41,"year":61,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-043","有關惡性貧血之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",107,"2026-09-04",1788510747491]