[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-016":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":63},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-112-2-內外科護理學-016","nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-016",112,2,16,"有關食道癌的病因，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"好發於食道上 1\u002F3 段","以腺狀細胞癌最常見","喜食過熱、過鹹、刺激性食物者","女性罹病率高於男性","C",null,[],"本題考點是食道癌的病因與流行病學特徵，正解為 C。依食道癌的危險因子，長期攝食過熱、過鹹、醃漬與刺激性食物，加上菸酒，會反覆傷害食道黏膜而增加罹癌風險，故 C 正確。A 敘述錯誤，食道癌好發於食道「中段」（約中三分之一），非上三分之一；B 敘述錯誤，全球以「鱗狀（鱗狀上皮）細胞癌」最常見，尤其與菸酒、熱食相關（腺癌多見於下段與胃食道逆流、Barrett 食道）；D 敘述錯誤，食道癌罹病率「男性高於女性」，與男性菸酒暴露較高有關，故僅 C 正確。","食道癌兩大組織型態需區分：鱗狀細胞癌好發於食道中上段，危險因子為菸、酒、熱燙飲食、醃漬食物與亞硝胺，是亞洲（含台灣）主要型態；腺癌好發於食道下段與胃食道交界，與慢性胃食道逆流（GERD）造成的 Barrett 食道（鱗狀上皮化生為柱狀上皮）密切相關，歐美比例上升。共同臨床表現是「進行性吞嚥困難」——先固體後液體，因食道無漿膜層、易早期侵犯與淋巴轉移，發現時常已中晚期，預後不佳。護理與衛教核心在戒菸酒、避免過熱與刺激飲食，以及對長期逆流者的追蹤。",[24,27,30,33],{"term":25,"count":26},"鱗狀細胞癌",6,{"term":28,"count":29},"食道癌",3,{"term":31,"count":32},"菸酒與熱食危險因子",1,{"term":34,"count":32},"食道中段好發",[36,40,44,49,54,59],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-017","有關骨質疏鬆症護理指導之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",17,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":9,"session":29},"nurse-112-3-medical-surgical-033","有關全身性紅斑性狼瘡（SLE）病人的診斷檢查結果，下列何者正確？",33,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":10},"nurse-113-2-medical-surgical-027","有關疥瘡病人的照護，下列敘述何者錯誤？",27,113,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":29},"nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-025","有關器官移植後發生急性排斥反應，下列敘述何者最適當？",25,114,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":32},"nurse-106-1-medical-surgical-079","有關 H1N1 新型流感之敘述，下列何者正確？",79,106,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":43,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-033","有關降低心衰竭病人心臟後負荷之措施，下列何者正確？",107,"2026-09-04",1788510747405]